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931.
A simple portfolio model is used to investigate the effects of personal taxes on real investment incentives in a small open
economy with large and small firms. When shares in large firms can be traded internationally and their rate of return is exogenously
determined on international equity markets, a tax on the return on riskless bonds will induce a portfolio shift from bonds
to shares in large firms. This shift reduces the impact of the bond tax on the required rate of return on shares in domestically
owned small firms, provided that returns on shares in small and large firms are positively correlated. The total impact of
the bond tax may even change from a negative to a counter-intuitive positive one if the “beta” between the returns on small
and large firms is above unity. A personal tax on equity returns does in general have an ambiguous impact on the pre-tax rate
of return requirement of domestically owned firms. An exogenous rate of return on large company shares is shown to enhance
the possibility for the equity tax to reduce the required pre-tax rate of return in small domestic firms. A sufficient condition
for a negative relationship is again that the “beta” between the returns in small and large firms is above unity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
932.
Hans Möller 《Intereconomics》1980,15(5):224-227
The squabbles in the European Community have made the headlines in the last few months. Wide-spread is the impression that the EC is laboriously threading its way from compromise to compromise without evolving proper longer-lasting solutions for its problems. The community is adrift. Where will the drift take it? Prof. Möller advances a medium-term projection. Prof. Hrbek follows it up with a presentation of this thesis that to view the EC as an artefact drifting erratically without purpose, direction or orientation gives a wrong picture of the Community. 相似文献
933.
934.
Even after 10 years, countries under transition are still on their way to becoming developed, internationally competitive countries. At this stage it is helpful for business cooperation to know whether managers in countries undergoing transition are behaving like socialists or Western managers, or somewhere in between. Many joint ventures and other alliances between Western companies and companies in countries in transition are seeking to establish new markets with new products or new technologies (i.e., new processes). They are risky because the returns are uncertain. Understanding the risk attitudes of managers in countries in transition can explain different investment behavior and provide vital information for installing the right incentives. This study compares the risk attitudes of Chinese, eastern, and western German managers. Chinese managers' risk attitudes seem to be more similar to the attitudes of western German managers than to those of their counterparts in eastern Germany. Some of the reasons and consequences are discussed in this article. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
935.
K.-G. Hagström 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2013,2013(1):204-223
Abstract In einer früheren Arbeit habe ich u. a. verschiedene kritische Anmerkungen über die Ansichten der Korrelationisten veröffentlicht. Um leicht entstehende Missverständnisse gleich von Anfang an zu vermeiden, möchte ich einige Ergänzungen zur angeführten Arbeit geben. Ich schicke folgende Erklärungen voraus. 相似文献
936.
937.
Oliver Schöller-Schwedes 《Journal of Transport Geography》2010,18(1):85-96
In order to reach a sustainable traffic development, the European Union follows the central idea of an integrated transport policy. In contrast to the widely accepted concept, the EU recently had to admit that in fact transport development goes in the opposite direction. This contradiction has to be explained. The article describes the long lasting succession of efforts to implement a far-reaching cooperation in the transport sector as is aspired to by an integrated transport policy. In each case, though, the political idea of cooperation was superseded by the economic one of competition. Therefore, the author argues in favour of a detailed scientific analysis of the necessary political conditions for an integrated transport policy, instead of continuing an untested concept. 相似文献
938.
939.
Christoph Böhringer Nicholas Rivers Thomas Rutherford Randall Wigle 《The Canadian journal of economics》2015,48(4):1350-1380
Dividing the burden for greenhouse gas abatement among the provinces has proven challenging in Canada and contributes to Canada's failure to limit emissions. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to compare a number of rules for sharing the burden of emission reductions among Canadian provinces. Because of the substantial heterogeneity among Canadian provinces, these different rules imply significantly different relative abatement effort among provinces, and also significantly different welfare implications. We compare these archetypal burden sharing rules to existing provincial emission reduction commitments and find that none of the standard burden sharing rules comes close to existing commitments. 相似文献
940.
Should Welfare Administration be Centralized or Decentralized? Evidence from a Policy Experiment
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Bernhard Boockmann Stephan L. Thomsen Thomas Walter Christian Göbel Martin Huber 《The German Economic Review》2015,16(1):13-42
The 2005 reform of the German welfare system introduced two competing organizational models for welfare administration. In most districts, a centralized organization was established where local welfare agencies are bound to central directives. At the same time, 69 districts were allowed to opt for a decentralized organization. We evaluate the relative success of both types in terms of integrating welfare recipients into employment. Compared to centralized organization, decentralized organization has a negative effect on employment chances of males. For women, no significant effect is found. These findings are robust to the inclusion of aspects of internal organization common to both types of agencies. 相似文献