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951.
The debate on ratification or revision of the proposed new Consumer Credit Directive continues. The European Parliament neither
rejected nor approved the Commission’s proposal at the plenary session on November 5, 2003. While the Commission insists on
defending the merits of the proposal, the LAC Rapporteur Würmeling calls for a complete modification. This article is intended
to serve as a navigation guide past the holes and obstacles on the winding ratification path. 相似文献
952.
In this paper the process of exit and entry of firms in the Swedish manufacturing industry is investigated within the framework of the product life cycle. The product life cycle theory explains how the high degree of uncertainty, as regards product designs and production methods, which is connected to the early stages of the product life cycle requires a high level of knowledge-intensity. Since uncertainty decrease over the product life cycle, less knowledge is needed in production during later stages of the product life cycle. This implies that knowledge-intensity differs for firms that exit and enter in different stages of the product life cycle. Four hypotheses regarding these relationships are stated and empirically tested in this paper, using data at the 5-digit SIC-level for the Swedish manufacturing industry during 1990–1996. The empirical results show that entrants in the early stages of the product life cycle are more knowledge-intensive than incumbent firms. It is also found that firms exiting in early stages of the product life cycle are more knowledge-intensive than firms exiting in later stages. 相似文献
953.
Korner H 《Intereconomics》1991,26(1):41-44
The author evaluates projections by the World Bank that show a significant decline in international migration over the next decade. "This projection not only assumes a narrowing of the welfare gap between industrialised and developing countries. It also sets out from the premise that potential migrants react to changes in the economic and social conditions in their home countries with more or less constant (negative) migration elasticities. The following article shows that there is reason to question the validity of this assumption." 相似文献
954.
Michael Bräuninger Christiane Brück Jörg Hinze Norbert Kriedel Alkis Otto Henning Vöpel 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2007,87(10):687-693
Der konjunkturelle Aufschwung setzt sich weltweit und auch in Deutschland fort. Wie hat sich die Immobilienkrise in den USA
ausgewirkt? Welche Zins- und welche Rohstoffpreisentwicklung wird erwartet? Mit welchen Wachstumsraten wird in Deutschland
gerechnet und welche Effekte hatte die Mehrwertsteuererh?hung? Wie wird sich die Situation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt entwickeln? 相似文献
955.
This paper takes its point of departure in an article by Stevens [Stevens, B.: 1994, Journal of Business Ethics 54, 163–171], in which she identified a lack of knowledge regarding how corporate codes of ethics are communicated and affect behavior in organizations. Taking heed of this suggested gap, we review studies on corporate codes of ethics with an empirical content, published since 1994. The conclusion of the review is that we still lack knowledge on how codes work, how they are communicated and how they are transformed inside organizations. Stevens’ plea could even be extended, arguing that the knowledge gap might be of even more significance than in the mid-1990s. Some directions for how this situation can be approached in future studies are outlined in the paper. 相似文献
956.
Preference programming is a decision support technique which allows decision makers to give preference statements of weight ratios in terms of intervals instead of single numbers in a value tree. Individual preferences, based on single number statements, can be combined into an interval model, and the negotiation proceeds by focusing on decreasing the width of the intervals. The preference programming approach was evaluated with a realistic traffic planning problem by using the HIPRE 3+ Group Link software. The results from nine test groups indicate that preference programming is an operational group decision support technique which initiates negotiations and efficiently directs the discussion towards issues which are relevant in reaching a consensus. 相似文献
957.
Hansjörg Herr 《Intereconomics》2002,37(6):321-327
The European Central Bank has often been accused of lacking transparency in the conduct of its monetary policy. This article
analyses the theoretical strategy of the ECB and compares it with the policy actually pursued. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations
made for future policy. 相似文献
958.
Dr. Martin Kröll 《Zeitschrift für Management》2010,5(3):305-329
Based on the fact of an increasing dynamic and complexity of environmental changes organizations are confronted with huge challenges not least concerning Human Resource Management (HRM). Therefore the present paper deals with the concrete arrangement of the HRM of organizations in a situation like those described. Starting with the results of an empirical study, different orientations of HRM could be discovered in the organizations reviewed. Three types of organizations were found. Depending on these types HRM instruments are emphasized differently as to competency development inside the organization. The types can be described as follow: 1st the personal appraisal type, 2nd the personnel planning type and 3rd the personnel selection type. Taking this differentiation as a starting point, divergent preferences in the frequencies of usage and the evaluation of HRM instruments can be assessed. Potentials and thresholds of organizational learning in HRM are discussed finally against the background of this knowledge. 相似文献
959.
Tomas Blomquist Markus Hällgren Andreas Nilsson Anders Söderholm 《Project Management Journal》2010,41(1):5-16
Research on projects is not only an immature field of research, but it is also insubstantial when it comes to understanding what occurs in projects. This article contributes to making project management research matter to the academic as well as to the practitioner by developing a project‐as‐practice approach, in alignment with the ongoing debate in social science research. The article outlines a framework and argues that there are two major challenges to the researcher and also suggests how these challenges can be met. Underlying notions of the practice approach are outlined to ensure a development of the project‐as‐practice approach that makes project management research matter! 相似文献
960.
Policy makers in developing countries have increasingly pinned their hopes on bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in order
to improve their chances in the worldwide competition for foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the effectiveness of BITs
in inducing higher FDI inflows is still open to debate. It is in several ways that we attempt to clarify the inconclusive
empirical findings of earlier studies. We cover a much larger sample of host and source countries by drawing on an extensive
data set on bilateral FDI flows. Furthermore, we account for unilateral FDI liberalization, in order not to overestimate the
effect of BITs, as well as for the potential endogeneity of BITs. Employing a gravity-type model and various model specifications,
including an instrumental variable approach, we find that BITs do promote FDI flows to developing countries. BITs may even
substitute for weak domestic institutions, though probably not for unilateral capital account liberalization. 相似文献