Dynamic Adjustment in the U.S. Higher Education Industry, 1955–1997

We analyze how the number of higher education institutions responds to demand growth by applying a dynamic model to U.S. data over the period 1955–1997. We derive our dynamic, partial adjustment model from first principles under various assumptions about firm behavior, ranging from profit-maximization by Cournot firms to output-maximization by non-profit firms. Empirical estimates from this dynamic model suggest that the higher education industry does indeed respond to demand growth, but only moderately in the short run and little more in the long run. Certain segments within the overall industry exhibit much stronger responsiveness in the short and long run, in particular, public and 2-year schools.     

At the occasion of its annual meeting the Austrian Economic Association organizes an Industrial Organization Conference June 24–26, 1992, in Vienna

Call for papers

At the occasion of its annual meeting the Austrian Economic Association organizes an Industrial Organization Conference June 24–26, 1992, in Vienna     

The American system of shared powers: the President, Congress, and the NLRB

The purpose of this article is to develop and test a model ofpolitical influence on regulation that incorporates both thecompeting interests of elected officials and the relevant institutionalconstraints. To do this, we focus on one channel of politicalinfluence: the appointment of agency leaders to a multimemberregulatory board. The model has two stages: first, a bargainingstage between the president and Senate in which they choosea target policy; and second, the appointments stage in whichthey attempt to implement this target by choosing the medianboard member. The model's empirical leverage arises becauseelected officials can replace board members only when seatson the board become available through term expiration or resignation.This yields specific predictions about how and whether eachappointment will change policy. We apply the model to the NLRB.The empirical results, investigating all appointments to theNLRB from 1949 until 1988, fit our theory remarkably well.     

白俄罗斯的违抗:关于“研究型艺术”的自我审问

晚上好,我负责以色列航空(EIAI)的安全,你说希伯来语吗?在艺术世界里,人们并不全然知道自己在说什么。他们提出许多问题。这不是说他们不知道他们已经知道的东西,而是为了做好下一件事情他们想知道的更多。这就足够暗示你有东西要说,     

Brittle fracture of a high pressure heat exchanger

The lesson from the E-440 incident is that we must establish minimum pressurizing temperatures for all heavy-wall equipment, not just reactors. We must also exercise care in the design of new equipment and modifications plus repairs to existing equipment.     

How Can Companies Go Global? Global Integrators and the Global Mindset

Companies continue to look for better and faster ways to globalise. Organisation researchers have not yet identified the many possible integrators for globalising a company, particularly those which are most powerful. This study examines the literature relative to globalisation and presents the results of a survey of senior managers/HRD professionals of 20 global companies in Asia, Europe and the Americas     

Do buyer‐size discounts depend on the curvature of the surplus function? Experimental tests of bargaining models

A number of recent theoretical papers have shown that, for buyer‐size discounts to emerge in a bargaining model, the total surplus function over which parties bargain must have certain nonlinearities. We test the theory in an experimental setting in which a seller bargains with a number of buyers of different sizes. Nonlinearities in the surplus function are generated by varying the shape of the seller's cost function. Consistent with the theory, we find that quantity discounts emerge only in the case of increasing marginal cost, corresponding to a concave surplus function. We provide additional structural estimates to help identify the source of remaining discrepancies between experimental behavior and theoretical predictions (whether due to preferences for fairness or other factors such as computation errors).     

Integrated fire and ambulance siting: A deterministic model

The model presented in this paper is developed for an integrated emergency system in which ambulance and fire service deployment are simultaneously considered. The model extends and blends the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) for ambulance siting and the Facility Location-Equipment Emplacement Technique (FLEET) for fire service placement. The objective of the new formulation is to maximize and trade-off both ambulance and fire coverage subject to constraints on the total number of vehicles and stations of both types that can be sited. We introduce a new concept in integrated coverage that permits free-standing ambulance stations to be sited in addition to fire stations. Typically, ambulances are located at fire stations and, sometimes, hospitals; that is, eligible sites are driven by prior choices that did not include consideration of ambulance service. Our results, based on three sample problems, suggest that, for a given budget level for facility construction, it may be possible for ambulance coverage to be increased with little or no loss in fire coverage. This condition pertains if ambulance stations are freed of the requirement to be sited only at fire stations.