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991.
Major G. Coleman William A. Darity Jr. Rhonda V. Sharpe 《American journal of economics and sociology》2008,67(2):149-175
A bstract . Antidiscrimination laws are designed to prompt employers to stop excluding black workers from jobs they offer and from treating them unequally with respect to promotion and salaries once on the job. However, a moral hazard effect can arise if the existence of the laws leads black employees to bring unjustified claims of discrimination against employers. It has been argued that employers may become more reluctant to hire black workers for fear of being subjected to frivolous lawsuits.
Using the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), we find that male and female black workers are far more likely than whites to report racial discrimination at work. This is the case even when a host of human capital and labor market factors are controlled for. Further, nearly all black workers who report they have been discriminated against on the job in the MCSUI Surveys also show statistical evidence of wage discrimination. This is not the case for white males or females. We find little evidence to support a moral hazard effect. 相似文献
Using the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), we find that male and female black workers are far more likely than whites to report racial discrimination at work. This is the case even when a host of human capital and labor market factors are controlled for. Further, nearly all black workers who report they have been discriminated against on the job in the MCSUI Surveys also show statistical evidence of wage discrimination. This is not the case for white males or females. We find little evidence to support a moral hazard effect. 相似文献
992.
This article describes the process for preparing a survey, which will be used to measure relevant variables, which are involved
in a study of training needs in a Spanish sports organisation. The variables which have been considered are: problems and
difficulties in carrying work of specific positions; “strong points” in carrying out this work; usefulness of the training
received in facing and solving the above-mentioned problems and difficulties; usefulness of the training received in acquiring
and strengthening these “strong points” in carrying out work; opinion and suggestions with respect to future training. Due
to the applied nature of the study, a data collection methodology was designed which was based on interviews and group discussions
with a representative sample of workers. Finally, the predictive capacity of perception, which workers have, of their motivation
at work was clearly shown in order to then identify different attitude and conduct patterns. 相似文献
993.
Data driven test procedure for detection of change is introduced and its properties are studied. The new solution is max-type
statistic related to data-driven rank tests for two-sample subproblems. Simulations show that the new test possesses high
and stable power. The test is consistent at essentially any alternative. Asymptotic null distribution of the test is derived.
The work of the first two authors has been partially supported by the grants GAČR 201/06/0186 and MSM 02160839. 相似文献
994.
In this paper a reflection is made on the problems that can arise in key sector analysis and industrial clustering, due to the usual presence of outliers when using multidimensional data related to the sectors in an input–output table. Multidimensional outliers are considered as being not only linked to the low number of clusters usually observed in this kind of study, but probably causing invalid results in most of the works involving multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster and factor analysis. Actually, by comparing the key sectors of the Spanish economy obtained in Díaz et al. (2006) to the ones we get taking into account the problem the outliers pose, one can realize they greatly distort the results. On the other hand, it is shown that identification of outliers can be considered as a good and new procedure to help select the most important sectors in an economy. 相似文献
995.
This paper empirically examines the acquisition of a technology from a source outside the firm and its incorporation into a new or existing operational process. We refer to this key activity in process innovation as external technology integration. This paper develops a conceptual framework of external technology integration based on organizational information processing theory and technology management literature. The primary hypothesis underlying the conceptual framework is that external technology integration will be most successful when the level of interaction between the source of the technology and recipient of the technology is appropriately matched, or fit, to the characteristics of the technology to be integrated. The conceptual framework also develops other hypotheses relating to contextual factors that may also influence the success of external technology integration. A cross-sectional survey methodology is employed to test the four hypotheses of the conceptual framework, with the results indicating strong support for the fit hypothesis and general support for the contextual hypotheses. The paper closes with a discussion of the implications of this study for both theory and practice. 相似文献
996.
The implementation of monetary policy in New Zealand: What factors affect the 90-day bank bill rate?
Alfred V. Guender Oyvinn Rimer 《The North American Journal of Economics and Finance》2008,19(2):215-234
This paper discusses the implementation of monetary policy in New Zealand and its flow-on effects on the 90-day bank bill rate over the 1999–2005 period. The effects of external factors are considered as well. Our findings indicate that the maturity spectrum ratio exerted a positive effect on the 90-day bank bill rate while the allotment ratio did not. This interest rate had a tendency to revert to the level set by its Australian counterpart, though at a relatively slow speed. No such link exists between the NZ 90-day rate and the U.S. 90-day rate. Neither the maturity spectrum nor the allotment ratio contributed to the volatility of the most important short-term interest rate in New Zealand. 相似文献
997.
Robin B. DiPietro Denver E. Severt Dianne H. B. Welsh Peter V. Raven 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(1):63-78
In order to add to the understanding of the role of franchising in entrepreneurship and to help franchise systems improve
efficiency, the constructs of organizational leadership, hope, organizational commitment, and service quality perceptions
of franchised managers and franchisees are differentiated in the current study. For scholars and practitioners, the dynamic
relationship between entrepreneurship, franchisees, and management is an important triangle which merits further investigation.
While the results offered only that managers and franchisees differed statistically in service empathy, differences were noted
across all areas which approached significance but was limited due to the small sample size. Implications for future research
are discussed. 相似文献
998.
José María Gómez Gras Domingo Rafael Galiana Lapera Ignacio Mira Solves Antonio José Verdú Jover Javier Sancho Azuar 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):187-198
Given the importance in recent years of the phenomenon of academic entrepreneurship in European universities, knowledge about
determinants and performance of this technology transfer mechanism may have important managerial and policy implications.
Applying the resource-based view at universities, we have tested the influence of five bundles of resources and capabilities
on spin-off activity rates as well as on the performance of new spin-offs in a sample of seven European universities. These
five bundles are: technology transfer policies and strategies; human capital; stock of technology; resources and capabilities
of technology transfer offices; and support measures for academic entrepreneurship. Our results show that excellence of human
capital and the presence of university-based financial support measures are strongly associated with both spin-off activity
and performance. Another interesting finding is related to the availability of university-based non-economic support measures
(training, counselling, etc.), which have no influence on spin-off activity but are significantly associated with performance
of new spin-offs. We also discuss some interesting relationships between explanatory variables. 相似文献
999.
Tobias Schoenherr V.M. Rao Tummala Thomas P. Harrison 《Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management》2008,14(2):100-111
This paper reports the process used by a US manufacturing company to assess supply chain risks within the context of an offshore sourcing decision. The case study company was faced with the objective of finding a new supplier for two of its major product lines. Five alternatives were considered: (1) sourcing finished goods from Mexico; (2) sourcing finished goods from China; (3) sourcing parts from China and assembly in the US; (4) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with investment; and (5) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with no investment in the venture. To find the best solution, action research methodology was combined with the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through iterative and structured discussions, 17 risk factors were identified, which were subsequently grouped into main and sub objectives. AHP was then used to evaluate the importance of each risk factor, and to determine the best alternative. This study makes several contributions to the field of purchasing and supply management. First, it provides a comprehensive framework of empirically derived risk factors to be considered in an international sourcing context. Second, it shows how AHP can be used to assess these risk factors and alternatives as part of the framework to facilitate and support the final offshoring decision. And third, it illustrates the successful application of the approach by a US manufacturing company. As such, this paper contributes to the research streams of offshoring and risk management in purchasing and supply, as well as to decision-making under uncertainty and AHP. In addition, it serves as a practical methodology for firms in similar situations. 相似文献
1000.
Jón Daníelsson Bjørn N. Jorgensen Casper G. de Vries Xiaoguang Yang 《Annals of Finance》2008,4(3):345-367
We characterize the investor’s optimal portfolio allocation subject to a budget constraint and a probabilistic VaR constraint
in complete markets environments with a finite number of states. The set of feasible portfolios might no longer be connected
or convex, while the number of local optima increases exponentially with the number of states, implying computational complexity.
The optimal constrained portfolio allocation may therefore not be monotonic in the state–price density. We propose a type
of financial innovation, which splits states of nature, that is shown to weakly enhance welfare, restore monotonicity of the
optimal portfolio allocation in the state-price density, and reduce computational complexity.
We are grateful to Ken Kavajecz and seminar participants at Harvard Business School, London School of Economics, Maastrict
University, ZEI Bonn, and Danske Bank Symposium on Asset allocation and Value-at-Risk: Where Theory Meets Practice for comments
on an earlier version of this paper. We also benefitted from the suggestions of two anonymous referees. Our papers can be
downloaded from www.RiskResearch.org. 相似文献