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901.
Claude Lamboray 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2010,19(1):39-56
We consider the problem where rankings, provided for instance by a group of evaluators, have to be combined into a common
group ranking. In such a context, Arrow and Raynaud suggested that the compromise ranking should be a prudent order. In general,
a prudent order is not unique. That is why, we propose to manage this possible multiplicity of compromise solutions by computing
robust conclusions. This allows for a progressive refinement of the decision model and supports the group to eventually select
one group ranking. The approach is illustrated on a problem where a group of junior researchers has to agree on a ranking
of research domains. 相似文献
902.
Communication Quality in Business Negotiations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The quality of a business negotiation process is usually assessed by its economic outcome, e.g. in terms of Pareto efficiency
or distance to Nash equilibrium. We argue that this assessment method is insufficient in that it fails to provide a comprehensive
analysis of business negotiations. Negotiators engage in highly complex communication tasks, and these communication processes
should be analysed along with the outcome in the overall evaluation of a business negotiation. To this end, we will introduce
Communication Quality as a new construct for analyzing the negotiation process. Furthermore, it will be argued that Communication
Quality itself can affect economic negotiation outcomes both short- and long-term. We will present relevant aspects of Communication
Quality, outline a scheme for its operationalisation and measurement, and discuss its probable impacts on business negotiations. 相似文献
903.
In this paper we present the notion of structured reasoning through a model, called the Generic/Actual Argument Model (GAAM). The model which has been used as a computational representation
for machine modelling of reasoning and for hybrid combinations of human and machine reasoning can be used as a coalescent
framework for decision making. Whilst the notion of structuring reasoning is not new, structured reasoning is advanced as a technique where group consensus on reasoning structures at various levels can be used to facilitate the
comprehension of complex reasoning particularly where there are multiple perspectives. For an issue, the approach provides
a scaffolding structure for cognitive co-operation and a normative reasoning structure against which group participants can
identify points of difference and points in common as well as the nature of the differences and similarities. Intra-group
transparency characterized by the ability to recognise points in common and understand the nature of differences is important
to the process of coalescing group decisions that carry maximum group support. 相似文献
904.
Using a 1995–2004 panel data of Chinese urban residents, we investigate the dynamics of income distribution in cities. According
to Kernel estimates of the relative income distribution of Chinese cities, we find that: (1) the national across-city distribution
of per capita GDP exhibits an apparent unique-peak distribution in 1995 and an “emerging multiple-peak” one in 2004; (2) for
prefecture-level cities, income distribution has evolved to an “apparent multiple-peak” distribution from a unique-peak one;
(3) the income distribution of county-level cities maintains a unique-peak curve; (4) most of the income dynamics of urban
residents originates from prefecture-and-higher-level cities. We sample three representative provinces and study the urban
income dynamics respectively. The analysis suggests that within a single province, urban income distribution evolves from
unique-peak to twin-peak curve; while among provinces, income convergence is evident for urban residents. In addition, we
measure the incidence of poverty in cities based on our income dynamics analysis, and find that the ratios of people living
below absolute poverty line have been decreasing at cities of all levels. 相似文献
905.
906.
Alexander Beutler 《Heilberufe》2011,63(12):10-13
Den Teufelskreis durchbrechen — Angst zu haben ist normal. Was aber, wenn in allt?glichen Situationen ?ngste und Panikattacken
auftreten oder gar allein der Gedanke an erlebte ?ngste ?ngstigt? Wenn die „Alarmanlage“ Angst gest?rt ist und st?ndig „Fehlalarme“
auftreten? Wie k?nnen Angsterkrankte den Teufelskreis durchbrechen und wie k?nnen Pflegende dabei entscheidend weiterhelfen? 相似文献
907.
Aaron L. Jackson David L. Ortmeyer Michael A. Quinn 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2013,10(4):491-519
This paper examines the impact of fiscal policies on both the size and educational levels of immigrants in destination countries. We find that whether or not a country’s policies are attracting highly educated immigrants goes beyond the issue of the “welfare state”. Immigrants are making important distinctions between the different benefits provided by a receiving country’s government. Health and education spending are found to have a positive impact on the education levels of immigrants while the reverse is true for unemployment and retirement benefits. Welfare programs are found to be insignificant once other government programs/taxes and other factors are taken into account. These results imply that countries should be less concerned about whether they are a “big government” with regards to attracting immigrants, and more concerned with what types of benefits they offer. 相似文献
908.
Scott J. Vitell 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,86(2):155-169
This study investigates antecedents of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiaries. Using stakeholder theory and institutional theory that identify internal and external pressures for legitimacy in MNCs’ subsidiaries, we integrate international business and CSR literatures to create a model depicting CSR practices in MNCs’ subsidiaries. We propose that MNCs’ subsidiaries will be likely to adapt to local practices to legitimize themselves if they operate in host countries with different institutional environments and demanding stakeholders. We also predict that MNCs’ subsidiaries will be likely to adapt to local practices to avoid spillover effects if their parent companies suffer major legitimacy problems at home or abroad. However, we speculate that MNCs’ subsidiaries will be less likely to adapt to local practices if they are strongly annexed to their parent companies and the benefit to gain internal legitimacy outweighs external legitimacy. This article contributes to the discourse on CSR across borders by exploring the antecedents of CSR practices in MNCs’ subsidiaries at social and organizational levels, and integrating institutional and stakeholder views. We provide a number of propositions for future studies and explore implications for practitioners. 相似文献
909.
Andrés Leal Julio López-Laborda Fernando Rodrigo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2010,16(2):135-148
The aim of this paper is to undertake a review of the most important literature on the phenomenon of fiscally induced cross-border
shopping. Following the presentation of the principal theoretical models, the study concentrates on applied literature. Firstly,
the elements common to the diverse applications are described, and then, a detailed analysis of the research undertaken into
cross-border shopping for alcoholic drinks, tobacco, fuel, and lotteries is provided, concluding with a reference to the interaction
between cross-border purchases and those effected over the internet. The results achieved by the empirical research coincide
and support the principal result of the theoretical literature: the tax differentials between neighboring territories induce
consumers to purchase in the territory where taxation is lower, on the condition that the tax saving compensates for the transport
costs associated with the travel made by the purchaser in order to take advantage of the lower taxation. 相似文献
910.