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101.
Seung Hun Han William T. Moore Yoon S. Shin Seongbaek Yi 《Journal of Financial Services Research》2013,43(3):293-319
This paper is the first attempt to analyze Standard & Poor’s unsolicited and solicited ratings by using bond-yield data in Japan. Our findings show that there are differences in firm characteristics between firms seeking solicited ratings and those that receive unsolicited ratings. Firms with solicited ratings have less information asymmetry and are more likely to be owned by foreign investors, generate more revenue from exports, be cross-listed in the US, and have higher firm quality. But, firms with unsolicited ratings pay higher costs for debt, and their bond prices react more strongly to credit-rating changes. Yield spreads for new bonds with unsolicited ratings are higher than those with solicited ratings, because unsolicited ratings have higher information asymmetry, and investors therefore demand higher yields. We find that bond-price reactions to the announcements of unsolicited rating downgrades (upgrades) are negative (positive) and significant, while bond prices do not react significantly to solicited rating downgrades or upgrades. 相似文献
102.
Srinivas Talluri Thomas J. Kull Hakan Yildiz Jiho Yoon 《Journal of Business Logistics》2013,34(4):253-269
Mitigating supply chain risk is a critical component of a company's overall risk management strategy. Drawing upon Contingency Theory, we posit that the appropriateness and effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies are contingent on the internal and external environments and that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all strategy. While literature on risk management has proposed a variety of tools and techniques for effectively evaluating and managing supply chain risks, comprehensive assessment of the efficiencies of alternative risk mitigation strategies has not been addressed in the literature. Such an assessment will help managers select the appropriate mitigation strategy for a given decision‐making environment. To this end, this study is first of its kind in evaluating and proposing efficient supply chain risk mitigation strategies in the presence of a variety of risk categories, risk sources, and supply chain configurations. We combine an empirically grounded simulation methodology with data envelopment analysis and nonparametric statistical methods to analyze and rank alternative mitigation strategies. We find that the more efficient strategies focus on flexibility rather than on redundancy for supply chain failures. Our research presents several interesting and useful managerial insights for deciding what strategies are most capable of mitigating risks in a variety of contexts. 相似文献
103.
Abstract Trust has been acknowledged as a valuable managerial resource within organizations. Working as a lubricant of organizational functioning, trust reduces opportunistic behaviours while it increases voluntary compliance to organizational norms and rules as well as enhancing individual and organizational performance. Considering the importance of trust, it is worthwhile to explore what factors may help build trust within organizations. This research investigates whether perceptions of several human resource management (HRM) practices are associated with trust in government organizations. According to social exchange theory, HRM practices signal management's commitment to employees which in turn leads to greater trust in the organization. Using data from an employee survey conducted for the Georgia Department of Transportation in 2007, this research tests how employee perceptions of HRM practices are related to trust in three distinct levels of management in a large department of state government: trust in department leadership, trust in one's leadership team, and trust in one's supervisor. Binary logit analyses suggest that perceptions of HRM practices focusing on autonomy, compensation, communication, performance appraisal, and career development are associated with trust in public organizations. According to the result, those practices present variation in their leverage on trust in leadership at different levels. 相似文献
104.
- In the climate of public spending cuts, charities are increasingly expected to fill the gap. Yet charities themselves face huge challenges. Not just increasing demand for their services but falling income and low investment returns. Encouraging philanthropy has never been more important, and that includes legacy giving. Following the announcement last year of the Government's major inheritance tax incentive to encourage us to give more to charity on our death, the time is right for a major report on current trends in charitable legacy giving. Late last year, Mishcon de Reya undertook the most detailed analysis ever by a firm of solicitors of its clients' wills. In a study of over 1000 wills, we did not just look at how many people leave a legacy to charity. We considered the value of the legacy, the type of legacy, the likelihood of the charity ever receiving it, whether clients prefer to give to multiple charities, and the most popular charitable sectors. This article will give a quick overview of our research followed by a more detailed look at the three types of legacy to charity: cash—‘for example, I leave £10,000 to charity’,—specific items—‘for example, I leave a painting to charity’—and residuary gifts—‘for example, I give half my estate to charity’. The article will then briefly touch on the charity sectors most favoured by our clients before giving a brief summary of Mishcon de Reya's key findings in conclusion.
105.
Suk Bum Yoon 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(1):55-69
Abstract Previous studies that were concerned with the impact of depreciation of the ringgit on the Malaysian trade balance employed data either between Malaysia and rest of the world or between Malaysia and each of her major trading partners. Specifically, the bilateral trade balance between Malaysia and the US is shown to be insensitive to the real bilateral ringgit–dollar rate. In this article we wonder if disaggregating trade flows between Malaysia and the US by commodity could help us to discover any significant effects that the real exchange rate could have. We consider 101 industries that export from US to Malaysia and 17 industries that import from Malaysia. While majority of the industries showed short-run sensitivity to the real bilateral exchange rate, short-run effects lasted into the long run almost in half of the industries in both group. 相似文献
106.
This paper examines the professions as examples of “moral community” and explores how professional leaders possessed of moral
intelligence can make a contribution to enhance the ethical fabric of their communities. The paper offers a model of ethical
leadership in the professional business sector that will improve our understanding of how ethical behavior in the professions
confers legitimacy and sustainability necessary to achieving the professions’ goals, and how a leadership approach to ethics
can serve as an effective tool for the dissemination of moral values in the organization.
Dr. Linda M. Sama is Director of the Center for International Business Development and Associate Professor of Management at
Pace University’s Lubin School of Business. She earned her Ph.D. in Strategic management from the City University of New York
and her MBA in International Finance from McGill University. She was awarded the 1999 Lasdon Dissertation Award for her doctoral
dissertation on corporate social response strategies and the Abraham Briloff Award of Best Paper in Business Ethics at the
City University of New York in 1998. Dr. Sama made a transition to academe after a lengthy career in industry, where she acted
as Director of Market Planning and Logistics for a major international subsidiary of Transamerica Corporation. She teaches
primarily in the areas of International Business, Strategic Managements and Business Ethics, and has taught at Baruch College
and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) prior to coming to Pace in the fall of 2001. At UTEP, she was designated as
the Skno International Business Ethics Scholar from 1999–2001. She has published numerous articles and book chapters that
address issues of corporate social responsibility, business and the natural environment, integrative social contracts theory,
and business ethics dilemmas in the new economy. Her research appears in journals such as The Journal of Business Ethics,
Business Ethics Quarterly, Business and Society Review, The Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, and the International Journal
of Value-Based Management. She has also published research for the U.S. Department of Transportation related to the effects
of NAFTA on U.S. – Mexico border logistics and has consulted to business clients on Strategic Planning, Global Leadership
and Business Ethics. Dr. Victoria Shoaf is an Associate Professor and Assistant Chair of the Department of Accounting and
Taxation at St. John’s University. She received her Ph.D. in Business, with a specialization in Accounting, from Baruch College
of the City University of New York in 1997; she was awarded the 1997 Lasdon Dissertation Award. Prior to joining St. John’s
University on a full-time basis, Dr.Shoaf worked for over fifteen years in the retail industry with merchandising firms. Her
expertise is in establishing effective accounting systems and controls, including operational functions such as order entry
and fulfillment, inventory control, point-of-sale data transfers and sales audit, as well as financial accounting functions.
She has held controllership positions at Laura Ashley, Inc., Greeff Fabrics, Inc., and Tie Rack, Inc. While working in industry
and while completing her doctoral degree, Dr. Shoaf taught accounting courses as an adjunct instructor at Pace University
and at Baruch College. She received a commendation from the dean at Pace University for teaching excellence, and she was awarded
a Graduate Teaching Fellowship at Baruch College. She currently serves on several professional committees, and she has provided
consulting services in accounting education and training programs for several large employers. 相似文献
107.
108.
Yoon S. ShinWilliam T. Moore 《Review of Financial Economics》2003,12(4):327-344
We compare credit ratings assigned to Japanese firms by the two leading U.S. rating agencies and the two leading Japanese agencies. Our goal is to investigate the complaint that the U.S. agencies Moody's and Standard and Poor's (S&P) ignore special corporate governance features of Japanese firms, i.e., keiretsu affiliation. We find that it is true that ratings of Japanese firms by the U.S. agencies are systematically lower than those assigned by Japanese raters. However, the reasons for the differences are not found to be related to keiretsu affiliation. Thus, we reject one of the prominent reasons for rating differences put forth by managers of Japanese firms. This leaves open the question of what drives the difference. The phenomenon is clearly consistent with more general home bias documented in previous work. 相似文献
109.
110.
We analyse the dynamic labour participation behaviour of Korean women. State dependence under unobserved heterogeneity is considered, where the heterogeneity may be unrelated, pseudo‐related, or arbitrarily related to regressors. Three minor methodological contributions are made: interaction terms with lagged response are allowed in dynamic conditional logit; a three‐stage algorithm for dynamic probit is proposed; and treating the initial response as fixed is shown to be ill‐advised. The state dependence is about 0.6 × SD(error), higher for the married or junior college‐educated, and lower for women in their twenties and thirties. While education increases participation, college education has negative effects for women in their forties or above. Marriage has a high negative short‐term effect but a positive long‐term effect. 相似文献