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101.
Poverty Traps and Index-Based Risk Transfer Products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
102.
This paper first examines the rapid growth and changing composition of manufactured exports in Indonesia and Thailand, highlighting the rapid growth of office and computer machinery and electric machinery, somewhat slower growth of non-electric and transportation machinery, as well as the low growth of previously large exports of textiles apparel. Second, the important contributions of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) to export growth in the machinery industries, particularly in electric, office, and computing machinery, are documented. Third, the paper describes trade policies in all these industries in some detail, emphasizing how low protection was a key facilitator of rapid export growth in the MNEs that dominated the electric, office, and computing machinery industry, while high protection reduced incentives to export among MNEs in the transportation machinery industry. 相似文献
103.
104.
Thomas D. Schultz Timothy J. Fogarty 《Advances in accounting, incorporating advances in international accounting》2009,25(1):112-123
Over the last decade, an increasing percentage of the profits reported by U.S. corporations were earned by their foreign subsidiaries and retained outside the United States resulting in the deferral of income taxes. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 provided a temporary federal tax incentive to remit such earnings, which resulted in the repatriation of $140 billion by the 30 firms comprising the Dow Jones Industrial Average. An analysis of the financial reporting disclosures made by these firms reveals that a tax expense was not fully recognized on a substantial portion of the earnings until repatriation because of an exception for foreign reinvestments deemed to be essentially permanent in duration. The implications of the currently acceptable accounting for undistributed foreign earnings are discussed as well as recommendations to improve the relevancy and reliability of the disclosures required for this exception to comprehensive recognition of deferred taxes. 相似文献
105.
This article specifies what an optimal pollution tax should be when dealing with a vertical Cournot oligopoly. Polluting firms
sell final goods to consumers and outsource their abatement activities to an environment industry. It is assumed that both
markets are imperfectly competitive. Thus, the tax is a single instrument used to regulate three sorts of distortions, one
negative externality and two restrictions in production. Consequently, the optimal tax rate is the result of a trade-off that
depends on the firms’ market power along the vertical structure. A detailed analysis of Cournot-Nash equilibria in both markets
is also performed. In this context, the efficiency of abatement activities plays a key-role. It gives a new understanding
to the necessary conditions for the emergence of an eco-industrial sector.
相似文献
106.
Summary Competition authorities are increasingly measuring the effects of their enforcement actions, seeking a robust justification
for the proliferation of competition policy. We highlight the importance of identifying the right counterfactual against which
to measure effects, and set out the relevant categories of costs and benefits. We then explore how a balance can be struck
between the benefits and inherent limitations of these measurement exercises. Relatively crude analyses of cartel action benefits
can be sufficient to achieve public legitimacy for competition policy. Assessing the effects of merger and conduct inquiries
is often ambiguous, but could be used to improve decision-making processes.
Director and Managing Consultant, respectively, at Oxera, Oxford and London. The valuable comments of Fod Barnes, Kerry Hughes
and an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone. 相似文献
107.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Bank of Japan's official interventions on the JPY/USD parity during the period 1992–2004. The novelty of our approach is to combine two recent advances of the empirical literature on foreign exchange interventions: (i) drawing on over-the-counter option prices to characterize more precisely the distribution of market expectations; (ii) redefining interventions in terms of events as they tend to come in clusters. Moreover, in order to deal with the features of the data (small sample size, non-standard distribution), we use bootstrap tests.We show that interventions have a significant impact on the mean expectation (the forward rate). The results are more ambiguous for variance. Additionally, we find that the effect of interventions on skewness is significant, robust to different definitions of skewness, and consistent with the direction of interventions. On the contrary, our results clearly show that kurtosis is not affected by interventions. We finally show that: (i) coordination increases effectiveness of interventions; (ii) results are not altered when controlling for other economic and political news. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
Determinants of Current Account Imbalances in 16 OECD Countries: An Out-Of-Sample Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We employ panel data as well as country-specific models to uncover empirically the determinants of current account imbalances.
We find evidence of slope heterogeneity likely rendering the fixed-effect estimator inconsistent. Mean group estimation is
followed to overcome the latter difficulty. Both estimation techniques are evaluated by means of in- and out-of-sample criteria.
The mean group estimator outperforms the fixed-effect approach and, moreover, only three economic variables are found to impact
on the current account balance significantly. These are the government budget balance, the domestic output gap and the changes
of the terms of trade. We finally propose a parsimonious dynamic model of the current account, including only these variables
and illustrate that it has similar predictive accuracy as country-specific benchmark models.
JEL no. F32, C23, C53 相似文献