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41.
42.
How has the euro changed the foreign exchange market? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
43.
William H. Sandholm 《Journal of Economic Theory》2005,124(2):149-170
We consider a model of evolution in games in which agents occasionally receive opportunities to switch strategies, choosing between them using a probabilistic rule. Both the rate at which revision opportunities arrive and the probabilities with which each strategy is chosen are functions of current normalized payoffs. We call the aggregate dynamics induced by this model excess payoff dynamics. We show that every excess payoff dynamic is well-behaved: regardless of the underlying game, each excess payoff dynamic admits unique solution trajectories that vary continuously with the initial state, identifies rest points with Nash equilibria, and respects a basic payoff monotonicity property. We show how excess payoff dynamics can be used to construct well-behaved modifications of imitative dynamics, and relate them to two other well-behaved dynamics based on projections. 相似文献
44.
William J. BoyesWM. Stewart Mounts Jr. Clifford SowellJames E. Payne 《Journal of Macroeconomics》1996,18(4):657-678
The rules of behavior for the monetary authorities changed in 1933 and 1947 and the Fed temporarily changed its operating procedures in 1979, but these changes did not alter the fact that the monetary authorities serve as the agent of the fiscal authorities. On the fiscal side, a shift from a centralized process to one where Congress was composed of a set of individual entrepreneurs altered the fiscal focus from the national economy to one of localized interests. This change led to a more autoregressive and deficit-prone federal budget and changed the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy. It also elevated the status of monetary policy to the extent where financial markets react to every utterance from the monetary authorities. 相似文献
45.
William C. Wheaton 《Journal of public economics》1975,4(4):377-384
In a model of economic ‘clubs’, size is fixed and members consuming a public good raise the question of composition; with whom would they rather consume? This depends on the way collective consumption is financed, and three results are proven With a poll tax, clubs must be homogeneous in income for all to be satisfied With a marginal benefit (Lindahl) tax, no consumer is ever satisfied with any composition; and with an income tax, at least one consumer in each club is always dissatisfied. Satisfaction implies there exists no club composition preferred to the existing one. 相似文献
46.
This paper specifies and analyzes a generalized disequilibrium macroeconomic model that explicitly includes the concept of spillover in nontatonnement financial and real markets. It is shown that the dynamic quantity and expenditure theories of income determination are special cases of the model which depend upon the degree of spillover from the bond to the commodity market. Simulation experiments designed to produce a vigorous monetary shock to the system clearly show that national product is very sensitive to the degree of spillover, and thus, the design of monetary policy within the context of gradual market clearing should consider the size of spillover. 相似文献
47.
Dan R. Dalton Debra J. Mesch Crystal L. Owen William D. Todor 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1997,10(4):291-305
In the criminology literature, the iron law of paternalism suggests that women receive less serious sanctions in the judicial system. This examination of three years of grievance outcomes (n= 1216) and arbitration outcomes (n= 1146) tests this iron law in the context of organizational disciplinary and dispute resolutions. These data, across several levels of outcomes (win, lose, compromise), controlling for the severity of grievances (disciplinary/nondisciplinary) and arbitrations (termination/nontermination) provide no support for the paternalistic thesis. Moreover, we find no support for the paternalistic thesis with regard to either the incidence or length of suspensions as a function of gender. 相似文献
48.
49.
Conditional and Unconditional Conservatism:Concepts and Modeling 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
We develop a model that captures the distinct natures of and interactions between conditional and unconditional conservatism. Under unconditional conservatism, the book value of net assets is understated due to predetermined aspects of the accounting process. Under conditional conservatism, book value is written down under sufficiently adverse circumstances, but not up under favorable circumstances. The specification of earnings provided by the model yields hypotheses about how unconditional conservatism and other factors preempt conditional conservatism and so affect the asymmetric response of earnings to positive and negative share returns, both current and lagged, documented by Basu (1995, “Conservatism and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester’ 1997, “The Conservatism Principle and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 24, 3–37).This revised version was published online in August 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
50.
This study investigates the potential for farmland to improve mixed-asset portfolio efficiency. Three major conclusions are drawn from the research. First, in a world with certainty, farmland can be shown to statistically improve mixed-asset portfolio efficiency. Second, with the introduction of uncertainty into the portfolio allocation model, investors can justify small or no allocations of farmland in a mixed-asset portfolio, although it appears that even with uncertainty prudent investors should evaluate the asset class. Third, with respect to farmland investment and geographic diversification, the results question the ability of an optimized mean–variance portfolio to provide substantial improvement in comparison to a naïve portfolio. The marginal improvement in portfolio efficiency of an optimized farmland portfolio versus a naïve farmland portfolio is not statistically significant. 相似文献