Über die Grundformeln der Invaliditätsversicherung

Abstract

Zweck dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung des Formelbestandes der biometrischen Grössen der Invaliditätsversicheruugunter möglichst allgemeinen, sogleich näher zu präzisierenden Voraussetzungen. Bekanntlich hat die Invaliditätsversicherung in seinen verschiedellen Formen (Pensions- und Sozialversicherung, Mitversicherung zusätzlicher Invaliditatsrente oder Prämienfreiheit im Invaliditätsfall bei Kapitalversicherungen n. a. m.) mit vielen Schwierig-keiten zu kämpfen, und zwar sowohl in praktischer als auch in theoretischer Hinsicht. Auf die praktischen Schwierigkeiten solI hier nicht näher eingegangen werden, es genügt auf die diesbezügliche sehr umfangTeiche Literatur zu verweisen; im folgendell wird vorausgesetzt, dass bestimmte Konventionen hinsichtlich solcher Begriffe wie Aktivität (Enverbs- oder Dienstfähigkeit) und Invalidität festgelegt worden sind.     

Using Tucker’s theorem of the alternative to simplify,review and expand discrete arbitrage theory

For valuing derivatives and other assets in securities and commodities markets, arbitrage pricing theory has been a major approach for decades. This paper derives fundamental arbitrage pricing results in finite dimensions in a simple unified framework using Tucker’s theorem of the alternative. Frictionless results, that is perfect market results, plus imperfect market results such as those with dividends, periodic interest payments, transaction costs, different interest rates for lending and borrowing, shorting costs and constrained short selling are presented. While the results are mostly known and appear in various places, our contribution is to present them in a coherent and comprehensive fashion with very simple proofs. The analysis yields a simple procedure to prove new results and some are presented for cases with imperfect market frictions.     

Abnormal Returns in the Acquisition Market: The Case of Bank Holding Companies, 1990–1993

Recent evidence suggests that announcements of bank holding company acquisitions result in wealth transfers from the bidding to target shareholders. Empirically, this is demonstrated through findings of negative average abnormal returns to bank holding company acquirers and positive average abnormal returns to targets on announcement. Using a sample of acquisitions from the early 1990s—a period marked by the removal of significant geographic entry barriers—this paper reexamines the issue by applying a general statistical model to the event study framework to more precisely measure abnormal returns. In particular, we model returns according to the GARCH process to control for time-varying volatility. With respect to the unconditional distributions of acquirer and target abnormal returns, our findings are consistent with prior research. Further investigation into the conditional distribution of acquirer returns finds that, on announcement, interstate acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting actually increased shareholder wealth for acquirers (on average) by 1.44%. However, over a longer event horizon, the most important determinants of acquirer abnormal returns appear to be the relative size of the transaction and the method of accounting.     

Managerial Ownership, the Method of Payment for Acquisitions, and Executive Job Retention

This study investigates how acquiring and target firm managers' preferences for control rights motivate the payment for corporate acquisitions. We expect that managers of target firms who value influence in combined firms will prefer to receive stock. One reason top managers desire influence is to enhance their chances of retaining jobs in the combined firm. Our analysis shows a strong, positive association between managerial ownership of target firms and the likelihood of acquisitions for stock. We also find that managers of target firms are more likely to retain jobs in combined firms when they receive stock rather than cash.