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121.
122.
Sandra Wolf Klitzing 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(2-3):163-181
The present study explored if women who are homeless face chronic stress and how the women cope with living in a shelter, which could be chronic stress or part of ongoing chronic stress. The study demonstrated that women who are homeless experienced chronic stress. When the women discussed how they coped with stress, various strategies were identified with a primary strategy of being with others. The women also noted that they engaged in diversionary leisure activities to help them relax. Although diversionary activities helped the women relax, they were not identified when the women discussed coping. It could be that diversionary activities have become so much a part of the women's lifestyles that these activities unconsciously assist with coping. Thus, diversionary leisure activities are critical to coping with chronic stress, but not recognized as coping strategies. The present study suggests that researchers working in the area of stress and coping must be cognizant of the differences between event stress, traumatic stress, and chronic stress, and the various conscious and unconscious ways that people cope with chronic stress. 相似文献
123.
有些企业正通过分析员工实践与生产率之间的联系,来提高利润水平。整个上一代人力资源高管都渴望着成为企业领导的战略顾问。但是,这对很多人来说,都很困难,因为如何衡量人力资源方法的业务价值实在太难。“培训的投资回报率是多少”?“哪种筛选方法能找出绩效最佳的招聘人选”? 相似文献
124.
From 1992 to 2006, part-time employment in western Germany has grown by 83%, whereas full-time employment has shrunk by 15%. In addition, employment schemes vary substantially across industries and industries which are themselves developed differently. The paper analyses the extent to which the divergence of status-specific employment can be explained by factors inherent in full-time or part-time employment (status effect) or by changes in the sectoral composition (sector effect). A regression-analogue shift–share model is estimated. Economic variables like unit labour costs and output gap are controlled. As a dynamic panel data model is specified, a bias-corrected least squares dummy variable estimator is used. In a second step, the fixed effects of the estimation into parameters for employment status and 16 sectors are decomposed. The results show that status-specific characteristics dominantly explain changes in employment patterns. 相似文献
125.
Monetäre Anreize zur Steuerung der Ladelast von Elektrofahrzeugen – eine modellgestützte Optimierung
Alexandra-Gwyn Paetz Thomas Kaschub Martin Kopp Patrick Jochem Wolf Fichtner 《能源经济杂志》2013,37(1):1-12
Electric mobility is supposed to contribute to climate policy targets by reducing CO2-emissions in the transportation sector. Increasing penetration rates of electric vehicles (EV) can lead to new challenges in the electricity sector, especially with regard to local distribution networks. Thus the management of charging loads is discussed as a key issue in energy economics. Due to their long parking times, high electricity and power demand, EV seem to be predestined for load management. Monetary incentives as dynamic pricing can be suitable for that: They reflect the current supply situation, pass the information to the consumers and can thus lead to a corresponding charging behaviour. In this article we analyse this interaction between dynamic pricing and charging loads. For this reason we have developed the optimization model DS-Opt+. It models a total number of 4,000 households in two residential areas of a major city with regard to its electricity demand, its mobility behaviour and its equipment of photovoltaic systems. Four different pricing models are tested for their effects on charging behaviour and thus the total load of the residential area. The results illustrate that only fairly high penetration rates of EV lead to remarkably higher electricity demand and require some load management. The tested dynamic pricing models are suitable for influencing charging loads; load-based tariffs are best in achieving a balanced load curve. In our analysis uncontrolled charging strategies are superior regarding a balanced load curve than controlled strategies by time-varying tariffs. Our results lead to several implications relevant for the energy industry and further research. 相似文献
126.
Das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom Januar 2005 hat die Tür zu
Studiengebühren geöffnet. Damit ist eine notwendige Bedingung für eine fundamentale
Hochschulreform erfüllt. Welche verteilungs– und bildungspolitischen Folgen hat
die derzeitige Hochschulfinanzierung? Wie sind demgegenüber Studiengebühren zu
bewerten? Wie ließe sich der Wettbewerb zwischen den Hochschulen verbessern?Prof. Dr. Charles B. Blankart, 62, lehrt Öffentliche
Finanzen an der Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin. Er ist Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen
Beirats beim Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft
und Arbeit und Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen
Arbeitskreises für Regulierungsfragen bei
der Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation
und Post (WAR); Gerrit B. Koester, 31,
Dipl.-Volkswirt, Dipl.-Pol., ist wissenschaftlicher
Mitarbeiter am Institut für öffentliche Finanzen
der Humboldt-Universität; und Sascha G. Wolf,
29, Dipl.-Volkswirt, ist Mitarbeiter an demselben
Institut sowie bei der Stiftung Marktwirtschaft. 相似文献
127.
The Economics of Managing Infectious Wildlife Disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use a two-state linear control model to examine the socially optimal management of disease in a valuable wildlife population when diseased animals cannot be harvested selectively. The two control variables are nonselective harvests and supplemental feeding of wildlife, where feeding increases both in situ productivity and disease prevalence. We derive a double singular solution which depends on the initial state and does not require bang-bang controls. The case of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer is analyzed. In the base model, the disease is optimally maintained at low levels, with intermittent investments (via feeding) in deer productivity. 相似文献
128.
129.
Holger Wolf 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2011,8(1):3-6
Reversing significant cumulative losses in competitiveness has emerged as a core challenge in some Eurozone countries. This
brief note takes a closer look at one episode of successful internal devaluation, the experience of the new states following
German reunification. The case suggests that substantial cumulative competitiveness gains are possible but require significant
time. The case further points to relative productivity gains—and hence to structural reforms—as an important aspect of the
adjustment process. 相似文献
130.
Summary All in all it can be stated that since the heterogeneity of the EU will increase considerably due to its enlargement and at
the same time the trend towards centralisation and redistribution will be strengthened, secession and opting out will become
important as constitutional arrangements for the EU. They are an instrument against stronger centralisation and redistribution
mechnanisms. They make a contribution to the operationality of the subsidiarity principle. They form a counterweight to the
domination of minorities by majority decisions. At the same time they facilitate the mechanisms for the endogenous determination
of the optimal size of the EU and for the increasing of the efficiency of the EU institutions in the sense of federalism theory.
Globalisation increasingly requires and enforces liberal institutions of integration. Every country should therefore have
the choice of terminating its participation in a Community policy or even its membership of a club in a regulated fashion.
Thus, the European Convention has made a trail-blazing proposal with the constitutional right of secession from the EU. 相似文献