全文获取类型
收费全文 | 351篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 161篇 |
工业经济 | 2篇 |
计划管理 | 67篇 |
经济学 | 42篇 |
旅游经济 | 5篇 |
贸易经济 | 59篇 |
农业经济 | 11篇 |
经济概况 | 15篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 193篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 5篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有365条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
Moshe A. Milevsky PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):109-122
Abstract This paper explores the financial properties of a concept product called an advanced-life delayed annuity (ALDA). The ALDA is a variant of a pure deferred annuity contract that is acquired by installments, adjusted for consumer price inflation, and pays off toward the end of the human life cycle. The ALDA concept is aimed at the growing population of North Americans without access to a traditional defined benefit (DB) pension plan and the implicit longevity insurance that a DB plan contains. I show that under quite reasonable pricing assumptions, a consumer can invest or allocate $1 per month, while saving for retirement, and receive between $20 and $40 per month in benefits, assuming the deductible in this insurance policy is set high enough. The ALDA concept might go a long way in mitigating the psychological barrier to voluntary lump-sum annuitization. 相似文献
23.
Carole L. Bernard PhD Olivier A. Le Courtois PhD Series is an Associate Professor Fran?ois M. Quittard-Pinon PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):179-195
Abstract This article designs and prices a new type of participating life insurance contract. Participating contracts are popular in the United States and European countries. They present many different covenants and depend on national regulations. In the present article we design a new type of participating contract very similar to the one considered in other studies, but with the guaranteed rate matching the return of a government bond. We prove that this new type of contract can be valued in closed form when interest rates are stochastic and when the company can default. 相似文献
24.
25.
Bonnie-Jeanne MacDonald FSA Andrew J. G. Cairns PhD FFA 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(1):17-48
Abstract This study investigates the risk inherent in defined contribution (DC) pension plans on an individual and aggregate basis, based on U.S. data. Our aim is to gain insight into the consequences of a DC pension scheme becoming the predominant pillar of retirement income for an entire society. Using the stochastic simulated output of a DC flexible age-of-retirement model, we first determine the optimal investment strategies. We then examine the demographic retirement dynamics of an entire population of DC pension plan participants. We observe that even for the most risk-averse plan members there is a high level of uncertainty in an individual’s age at retirement. At the aggregate population level, we find that this uncertainty does not get dampened to any great extent by a diversification effect. Instead, the central role played by the market in determining retirement dates results in significant variation in the dependency ratio (the ratio of retirees to workers) over time. In addition, an attempt to ameliorate the outcome by introducing additional realistic features in the DC population modeling did little to dampen this volatility, which suggests that countries dominated by DC schemes of this type may, over time, be exposed to significant risk in the size of its labor force. 相似文献
26.
Abstract We show that the only coherent distortion risk measure that is consistent with respect to 3-convex order and hence with stochastic dominance of order 3 is the expected value, thus generalizing previous results of Hurlimann and solving a problem posed by Yamai and Yoshiba. 相似文献
27.
28.
Abstract In this article, we propose a finite-state Markov process with one absorbing state to model human mortality. A health index called physiological age is introduced and modeled by the Markov process. Under this model the time of death follows a phase-type distribution. The model possesses many desirable analytical properties useful for mortality analysis. Closed-form expressions are available for many quantities of interest including the conditional survival probabilities of the time of death and the actuarial present values of the whole life insurance and annuity. The heterogeneity or frailty effect of a cohort can be expressed explicitly. The model is also able to explain some stylized facts of observed mortality data. We fit the model to some Swedish population cohort data and life tables compiled by the U.S. Social Security Administration. The fitting results are very satisfactory. 相似文献
29.
Zhongfei Li PhD Ken Seng Tan ASA CERA PhD Hailiang Yang ASA PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(1):47-64
Abstract In this article we investigate three related investment-consumption problems for a risk-averse investor: (1) an investment-only problem that involves utility from only terminal wealth, (2) an investment-consumption problem that involves utility from only consumption, and (3) an extended investment-consumption problem that involves utility from both consumption and terminal wealth. Although these problems have been studied quite extensively in continuous-time frameworks, we focus on discrete time. Our contributions are (1) to model these investmentconsumption problems using a discrete model that incorporates the environment risk and mortality risk, in addition to the market risk that is typically considered, and (2) to derive explicit expressions of the optimal investment-consumption strategies to these modeled problems. Furthermore, economic implications of our results are presented. It is reassuring that many of our findings are consistent with the well-known results from the continuous-time models, even though our models have the additional features of modeling the environment uncertainty and the uncertain exit time. 相似文献
30.
Yaniv Zaks PhD Esther Frostig Benny Levikson 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(1):65-73
Abstract Consider a portfolio containing number of risk classes. Each class has its own demand function, which determines the number of insureds in this class as a function of the premium. The insurer determines the premiums based on the number of insureds in each class. The “market” reacts by updating the number of the policyholders, then the insurer updates the premium, and so on. We show that this process has an equilibrium point, and then we characterize this point. 相似文献