市场导向、知识搜索与失败学习匹配对朴素式创新的影响

朴素式创新是企业应对资源稀缺和经济发展新常态的重要途径。基于资源基础观和组织双元视角,采用fsQCA方法分析反应性市场导向、前瞻性市场导向、本地知识搜索、跨界知识搜索和失败学习5个前因条件的不同组态与朴素式创新之间的关系,探索驱动朴素式创新的多元路径。研究结果表明,导致高朴素式创新的组态路径有3条,即由前瞻性市场导向、跨界知识搜索和失败学习构成的先动型,由反应性市场导向、本地知识搜索和跨界知识搜索构成的响应型,由反应性市场导向、前瞻性市场导向和失败学习构成的导向平衡型;导致低朴素式创新的组态路径也有3条,但它们并不是高朴素式创新组态的对立面,高、低朴素式创新组态具有因果非对称性。     

基于熵权的山东省农业现代化水平评估

农业现代化是我国农业发展的目标和基本方向。从农村基础设施建设水平、农业机械化和电气化水平以及农业生产效率等角度建立农业现代化评价指标体系;利用由热力学引申而来的熵权方法,对2007年山东省17个地市的农业现代化水平进行了综合评价,从而为政府相关部门进行资源合理配置,促进农业持续稳定发展提供有效依据。     

The Breadth-Based Adjective Rating Task (BART) in consumer behavior

Consumer researchers have suggested that nonconscious processes may operate on consumer behavior. The goal of this research was to evaluate the Breadth-Based Adjective Rating Task (BART), an indirect measure of attitudes, in the consumer domain. In study 1, the BART was related to past Philadelphia Inquirer usage and was a significant predictor of prospective choice. In study 2, the BART was related to past Ben & Jerry’s purchase and was a marginal predictor of prospective choice. Overall, the BART added to the specificity of prediction of consumer behavior. The potentiality of the BART in consumer research is discussed     

中国人口年龄结构对消费的影响研究

改革开放以来,中国经济保持持续高增长,但居民消费一直处于低迷状态,在人口老龄化的大背景下,研究人口老年化对我国消费增长的作用具有重要意义。在假设年龄是消费函数的内生变量前提下,对家庭的跨期消费选择进行建模,针对人口结构函数的不同形式分别给出消费函数的几种重要的性质,并着重讨论了人口结构与消费总量的关系。研究表明:老龄人口的增多不仅没有拉低消费,反而显著促进消费增长。再利用我国2005—2010年间各省面板数据,在检验变量内生性之后选择动态面板GMM方法进行估计,得到的结果和理论假设契合,即老年抚养比的提高对消费具有促进作用。最后,针对人口老年化和消费给出相关政策建议。     

An examination of the performance and prospects for the future of internet-primary banks

We study Internet-primary banks for differences in performance versus newly chartered traditional banks from 1996 through 2003. Internet-primary banks are larger, with lower net interest margins and loan losses, and higher wage and physical capital rates than newly chartered traditional banks. Univariate ROE is lower, but profit efficiency is significantly higher on average for Internet-primary banks compared to all newly chartered banks as well as those that survive through the sample period. In multivariate models, Internet-primary banks continue to have significantly higher average profit efficiency, and particularly so when of sufficient size.

REFORMING FINANCE IN TRANSITIONAL SOCIALIST ECONOMIES

Financial reforms initiated in most transitional socialist economiesdo not yet adequately provide many of the financial servicesassociated with market-oriented financial systems. Such services—mobilizingresources, selecting firms and allocating capital, monitoringfirm managers, and facilitating the management of transactionsand risk—are a necessary condition for economic reformto improve living standards. This article envisages four central strategies to guide reformof the financial sector: • Building an infrastructure based on clear and enforceableproperty rights, modern accounting and auditing standards, reliablepayments systems, sound prudential and enforcement regulations,and professionals trained in finance • Ending the shell game of trying to hide the losses ofstate-owned enterprises, and separating government decisionsto finance "priority" firms from the allocation decisions ofindependent financial institutions • Privatizing some financial institutions early—althoughnot necessarily precipitously—in concert with the privatizationof firms and supervisory capabilities, meanwhile cleaning upbank loans to maximize the chances that firms and banks willsucceed as private entities • Improving the tax system and stressing a prudent interestrate policy to reduce uncertainty, distortions, and excessiverepression of the financial sector.      

液力透平增压泵轴向力数值计算与分析

针对用于合成氨脱碳工艺流程的余压能量回收液力透平增压泵的推力轴承设计缺乏数据支撑的问题,采用全流场数值模拟方法,得到了透平增压泵泵侧和透平侧的外特性及其总效率曲线,并给出了两侧中间面、叶片表面和轴向中间面压力分布情况,进而分析了两侧盖板力、叶片力和内表面力及透平增压泵总轴向力变化趋势。结果表明,泵侧轴向力随着流量的增大先减小后增大,透平侧轴向力则逐渐增大;在工况范围内,总轴向力的方向始终指向泵侧,与理论计算得到的趋势一致。研究结果验证了液力透平增压泵只需在透平侧安装推力轴承的可行性,可为液力透平增压泵的推力轴承结构设计提供轴向力数据参考。     

Theory and Application of Linear Supply Function Equilibrium in Electricity Markets

We consider a supply function equilibrium (SFE) model of interaction in an electricity market. We assume a linear demand function and consider a competitive fringe and several strategic players having capacity limits and affine marginal costs. The choice of SFE over Cournot equilibrium and other models and the choice of affine marginal costs is reviewed in the context of the existing literature. We assume that bid rules allow affine or piecewise affine non-decreasing supply functions by firms and extend results of Green and Rudkevitch concerning the linear SFE solution. An incentive compatibility result is proved. We also find that a piecewise affine SFE can be found easily for the case where there are non-negativity limits on generation. Upper capacity limits, however, pose problems and we propose an ad hoc approach. We apply the analysis to the England and Wales electricity market, considering the 1996 and 1999 divestitures. The piecewise affine SFE solutions generally provide better matches to the empirical data than previous analysis.     

Cooperation without Reputation: Experimental Evidence from Prisoner's Dilemma Games

This paper investigates cooperative play in prisoner's dilemma games by designing an experiment to evaluate the ability of two leading theories of observed cooperation: reputation building and altruism. We analyze both one-shot and finitely repeated games to gauge the importance of these theories. We conclude that neither altruism nor reputation building alone can explain our observations. The reputation model is inconsistent with play in both one-shots and finitely repeated games while the model with altruism is unable to explain observed play in the finitely repeated games.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, C92.