On a general periodic preventive maintenance policy incorporating warranty contracts and system ageing losses

In this paper, a general periodic preventive maintenance (PM) policy for a repairable revenue-generating system is developed and studied. We define ‘ageing losses’ as the difference in revenues generated by an ideal system (no ageing) and a real system that ages over the same period of consideration. It is assumed that preventive maintenance slows the system deterioration process and therefore reduces ageing losses. The proposed model is general in the sense that (1) both the warranty contracts and system ageing losses are incorporated in the maintenance cost modeling and (2) the implementation of PM actions does not have to be strictly periodic. A cost model is developed for the buyer under two decision variables—the calendar time of the first PM and the degree of each PM. Numerical examples are then presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. Sensitivity analyses are further conducted to investigate the impact of model parameters on optimal solutions.     

中国梦语境下的民生幸福探究

民生意指人民群众的生存、生计与生活。马克思的幸福思想成为中国梦的理论基础,中国梦成为马克思主义民生幸福理论中国化的重要内容。民生幸福则表达着中国梦"至善"的追求境界,成为中国梦的旨归,中国梦与民生幸福具有内在的统一性。追求民生幸福、实现中国梦的科学路径在于加强社会主义政治文明建设、经济建设、社会和谐建设、精神文化建设、生态文明建设,五位一体,实现中华民族的伟大复兴。     

沙南污水处理厂一期改造及中水回用工程实践

河南省漯河市沙南污水处理厂一期升级改造及中水回用工程新增深度处理单元处理规模8万m3/d,中水回用工程输水规模9万m3/d,设计出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准。介绍了深度处理设计方案中各个工艺单元的比选,就设计排放标准,对比了一期升级改造后与原工程的污水处理工艺及污染物去除效果,以及一期升级改造工程的社会环境效益等。升级改造工程经过1年多的连续运行和在线检测,出水指标达到设计要求。     

刻板印象对考官评分偏差的影响:考官决策方式的调节作用

面试中,基于过去的有限经验产生的对特定群体的刻板印象会有意识或无意识地影响考官的判断决策,为了维持刻板的一致性,人们会故意忽视与刻板印象不一致的信息,这在很大程度上损害了面试的有效性和公平性.为了探究减弱面试刻板印象影响的方法,本文通过2(刻板刺激:有/无)×2(考官决策方式:直觉性决策/分析性决策)组间因子设计,利用眼动技术模拟教师行为事件面试,探讨了面试中刻板印象影响考官评分偏差的作用机制,以及考官决策方式与刻板印象对考官评分偏差的交互作用.结果表明:(1)存在刻板印象实验标的刺激时,考官对刺激的视觉注意更多,考官评分偏差更大,即刻板印象通过视觉注意的中介作用影响考官评分偏差;(2)刻板印象和考官决策方式存在显著的交互作用.实验结论对如何有效削弱刻板印象对面试决策的影响,提高面试有效性具有一定的启示意义.     

RCEP框架下前海人民币国际化的先行先试

2018年以来,人民币国际化进入新的发展周期.自贸区作为实行税收优惠和特殊监管政策的多功能经济性特区,在跨境贸易结算便利、资本自由流动、离岸金融业务创新方面具备先行先试的优势.前海作为大湾区金融对外开放的总枢纽、国际经贸规则压力测试的承担者、跨境金融治理合作的试验田,需要抢抓RCEP重大发展机遇,积极探索开展离岸人民币金融业务,推动离岸和在岸市场的规则与国际接轨;服务RCEP和"一带一路"建设,联动香港建设全球离岸人民币业务枢纽;支持前海参与跨境支付清算新机制建设,提高人民币在贸易投资中的使用;顺应RCEP对金融领域开放的要求,率先探索贸易投资项下的便利化措施;利用前海建设法治先行示范区优势,建立与国际接轨的金融对外开放制度环境,为推进人民币国际化发挥更加关键的作用.     

Effect of religious priming in prosocial and destructive behaviour

In this paper, we study the behavioural impact of religious priming by showing participants religious words in a scrambled sentence task before a dictator game and a joy‐of‐destruction game. We also elicited data on individual religiosity and religious affiliation using a questionnaire. Priming religious words significantly increased prosocial behaviour in the dictator game, and the effect was especially striking among those reporting no religion, atheists and agnostics. The religious prime has no significant effect in mitigating destructive behaviour or own expectations of the other's destruction choice, but both destructive behaviour and expectations correlate positively with the multi‐dimensional religiosity measure.     

Does context matter for sustainability disclosure? Institutional factors in Southeast Asia

Corporate sustainability is a dynamic, socially constructed concept. Relatedly, to understand the variations in the disclosure of corporate sustainability activities across countries, we need to inherently explore their underlying sociopolitical contexts. At present our understanding in this regard, is deficient. We respond to this extant research gap by adopting a multi‐country approach to investigate the relationship between countries' institutional environments and firms' sustainability disclosure (SD) practices, across six countries in the Southeast Asian region. Our findings reflect a common focus of Southeast Asian firms on community and human resources (HRs) related disclosures. Nevertheless, nuanced differences in their overall SD levels confirm the influence of differing legal, normative, and sociocultural systems in engendering greater disclosure and transparency at a national level. By quantifying the institutional environment and identifying external influencing factors, our study provides a useful framework grounded in neo‐institutional theory to widen the existing understanding of how institutional pressures can be measured and compared across different contexts.     

园林工程项目施工过程中的成本控制

施工过程中成本控制直接影响施工企业建设出来的建筑产品的质量,还会影响其在市场中的竞争和经济效益。本文将从几个方面谈谈施工过程中的成本控制与管理。首先介绍了成本控制的概念,然后分析了施工过程中成本控制的内容,最后对具体措施进行探讨。     

Company's General Finance Analysisand Risk

A firm’s Capital structure is the mix of a company＇s longtermdebt, specific short-term debt, common equity and preferredequity. It also aims to balance the tradeoff between thebenefits of debt financing and cost of debt financing. Debtcomes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable,while equity is classified as common stock, preferred stock orretained earnings. Short-term debt such as working capital requirementsis also considered to be part of the capital structure,so for target debt ratio, Target Debt Ratio is the target proportionof a firm＇s total assets that are being financed with borrowedfunds, because firms are expected to finance investmentssubsequently from equity and debt. A fundamental problem inempirical studies is that having a target debt ratio or not isunobservable from public data. So firm have a capital structurepolicy, i.e. target debt ratio.