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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
241.
James R. Markusen 《Resource and Energy Economics》1997,19(4):299-320
The NAFTA debate included assertions that were used as arguments against trade and investment liberalization. (1) Trade liberalization increases production sensitivity to environmental restrictions (‘environmental dumping’?). (2) Investment liberalization, leading to multinational firms, similarly increases the production and welfare response to costly environmental restrictions. I find that: (1) Trade liberalization increases production sensitivity to costly environmental restrictions, but arguments against liberal trade on welfare grounds do not follow. (2) Multinationals do not increase the production-reallocation effect caused by environmental restrictions or regulations. In addition, I find a great difference between restrictions that fall on fixed costs and restrictions that fall on marginal costs. 相似文献
242.
243.
Claire W. Armstrong 《Ecological Economics》2007,62(2):242-250
This paper gives an overview of the bioeconomic modelling of marine reserves, and illustrates how economists have responded to the modelling results found in the ecological literature. The economic analysis is shown to be far more pessimistic with regards to the potential of marine reserves as a fisheries management tool, than what one finds in the purely ecological analysis, the reason being the latter's neglect of issues such as discounting and economic incentive behaviour. However, economic analysis, despite some of it being relatively advanced with regards to spatiality, is still simplistic with regards to for instance ecosystem and habitat content. A simple expansion of the existing bioeconomic models with regards to positive habitat effects of area closures is presented and analysed, showing room for improved results from marine reserve implementation as compared to the existing analysis. 相似文献
244.
245.
This paper asks whether the income gap between rich and poor nations can be explained by multiple equilibria. We explore the
quantitative implications of a simple two-sector general equilibrium model that gives rise to multiplicity, and calibrate
the model for 127 countries. Under the assumptions of the model, around a quarter of the world’s economies are found to be
in a low output equilibrium. We also find that, since the output gains associated with an equilibrium switch are sizeable,
the model can explain between 15 and 25% of the variation in the logarithm of GDP per worker across countries. 相似文献
246.
247.
持续利用的自然资源价格论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了自然资源持续利用的福利准则及价格构成,并且还阐述了有关自然资源持续利用的价格理论问题。旨在完善自然资源的价格理论体系。 相似文献
248.
The Productivity of US States since 1880 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study uses state-level variation in labor productivity levels at twenty-year intervals between 1880 and 1980 to examine the relative importance of institutional and geographical influences in explaining observed and persistent differences in standards of living over time and across regions. Focusing on fundamental rather than proximate influences, we find that both institutional characteristics and some physical geography characteristics account for a high proportion of the differences in state productivity levels: states with navigable waterways, a large minerals endowment, and no slaves in 1860, on average, had higher labor productivity levels throughout the sample period. However, we find little support for two other influences that have previously received attention—climate and latitude. 相似文献
249.
250.
国有企业、金融市场改革与养老保险制度改革的互动效应--中国如何解决老年保障问题? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
中国政府非常清楚社会保障所面临的危机,决定寻求解决办法。拟议中的社会保障改革的核心是积累制和整合条块分割的体系,计划为每个工人建立个人退休账户,对养老基金进行有效投资。然而,这种改革受阻于三个关键因素。(1)在向积累制的转化过程中必须支付特制成本;(2)现有的社会保障体系条块分割、分散化管理3(3)已经积累的基金尚未取得高收益,也未分配到最有效率的用途上。 相似文献