云南傣族农村聚落分类体系与建设整治途径研究

通过形态分类即以地形条件、水文条件、农田分布、人口规模和聚落占地面积为依据的分类原则,对勐龙镇12个办事处和89个聚落类型(自然村)进行了较为详细的分类研究,其中傣族聚落有12个类型,傣族与其他民族混居聚落有1个类型,哈呢族聚落27个类型,拉祜族聚落11个类型,布下聚落1个类型,阿克人聚落2个类型,末标式聚落2个类型,布朗族聚落9个类型,汉族聚落有1个类型,对各聚落的类型特征作了评价分析,提出了傣族农村聚落分类分级体系。探讨了山区、半山区和坝区农村聚落现状特征与存在问题,并针对不同的聚落类型提出各具特色的建设方向和整治途径。     

基于能值分析的江苏生态经济系统发展态势及持续发展对策

能值分析方法可同时定量研究生态经济系统中环境资源与经济活动的真实价值，因而对合理评估区域经济发展水平、制订正确的社会经济发展对策具有十分重要的意义。文章运用能值分析方法对江苏生态经济系统的发展现状及近20年来的发展态势进行了定量分析，并提出实现江苏生态经济系统持续发展的对策建议。     

会计价值机制论

本文认为,市场和企业是组织经济活动的形式,也是组织价值信息传递和价值激励的系统。市场价格机制是在长期市场供求关系作用下而形成的,而会计价值机制是随着企业的发展不断演化,在企业目标引导下组织价值信息传递和价值信息激励,以促成企业目标实现。企业替代市场或取得竞争优势,都是基于相同的原因和两种机制作用的结果,即是通过企业提供的产品或服务的成本低于市场价格而实现的。     

谈建设项目工程造价的全过程控制

建设项目工程造价的控制是一个贯穿项目建设全过程的复杂的系统工程。从投资决策阶段、设计阶段和实施阶段三个方面论述了如何有效的控制建设项目工程造价，提高投资效益。     

SA8000国际标准及其对我国外贸发展的影响

很多跨国公司用SA8000作为选择供应商的标准,我国外贸企业面临严峻挑战.本文就SA800O对我国外贸发展以及企业获取长期竞争优势的影响等问题进行了初步的分析.     

Entry deterrence and innovation in durable-goods monopoly

This paper investigates the efficiency of innovation investments in a durable-goods monopoly when a potential entrant threatens to innovate as well. We show that the durability of the good endows the monopolist with the power to discourage rival innovation since current sales alter the demand for a new generation of the good. The equilibrium is therefore determined not only by the incentive for intertemporal price discrimination in durable-goods monopoly, but also by the incumbent's concern for maintaining the technological leadership. We demonstrate that entry deterrence followed by no innovation always implies underinvestment in innovation.     

A review and validation of overall survival extrapolation in health technology assessments of cancer immunotherapy by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: how did the initial best estimate compare to trial data subsequently made available?

Background: Validation of overall survival (OS) extrapolations of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Single Technology Assessment (STA) process is limited due to data still maturing at the time of submission. Inaccurate extrapolation may lead to inappropriate decision-making. The availability of more mature trial data facilitates a retrospective analysis of the plausibility and validity of initial extrapolations. This study compares these extrapolations to subsequently available longer-term data.

Methods: A systematic search of completed NICE appraisals of ICIs from March 2000 to December 2017 was performed. A targeted search was also undertaken to procure published OS data from the pivotal clinical trials for each identified STA made available post-submission to NICE. Initial Kaplan-Meier curves and associated extrapolations from NICE documentation were extracted to compare the accuracy of OS projections versus the most mature data.

Results: The review identified 11 STAs, of which 10 provided OS data upon submission to NICE. The extrapolations undertaken considered parametric or piecewise survival models. Additional data cut-offs provided a mean of 18 months of OS beyond the end of the original data. Initial extrapolations typically under-estimated OS from the most mature data cut-off by 0.4–2.7%, depending on the choice of assessment method and use of the manufacturer- or ERG-preferred extrapolation.

Conclusion: Long-term extrapolation of OS is required for NICE STAs based on initial immature OS data. The results of this study demonstrate that the initial OS extrapolations employed by manufacturers and ERGs generally predicted OS reasonably well when compared to more mature data (when available), although on average they appeared to underestimate OS. This review and validation shows that, while the choice of OS extrapolation is uncertain, the methods adopted are generally aligned with later-published follow-up data and appear appropriate for informing HTA decisions.     

数量指标和质量指标理论与应用评析

在各类《统计学》教科书中,对数量指标和质量指标概念的解释不大一样,但基本的含义却是相同的。两者从概念上区别并不困难,也容易理解,但在对一些特殊问题的分析时,却不易把握,特别是在比较复杂的统计分析中,那就更不容易做出准确的判断了。怎样才能对数量指标和质量指标的应用做出科学的评价和分析。本文拟就这方面的问题做些初步探索。     

长三角一体化的矛盾根源与政府职能思考

长三角一体化的关键和核心在于行政体制改革和政府职能的转换。只有实现“小政府、大市场”的一体化模式,转变政府理念,改革行政体制,增强导向调控功能,引领发展定位,构建共同利益机制和提供区域性公共服务等,才有可能使长三角真正实现无障碍的一体化,实现区域内资源、要素、人才、产品的自由流动,以及工业、金融、贸易、投资、基础设施建设和生态保护(包括生产和销售)方面的协同发展。     

FDI对我国内资企业外溢效应的面板数据分析:以建筑业为例

采用面板数据分析方法,对建筑行业外商直接投资对我国建筑行业的内资企业的溢出效应做了实证分析.结果表明,该溢出效应几乎不存在,且为微弱的负数.将我国分成东、中、西三个经济带,对外商直接投资的溢出效应做进一步的分析,发现东、中部的FDI对建筑行业的内资企业的溢出效应为正,而西部为负,说明FDI的外溢存在着"门槛效应".另外,我国的建筑企业属于资本驱动型产业,人力资本对产出增长的带动作用不明显,建筑企业需要大力提高人力资本的素质.减员增效,仍然任重而道远.