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91.
This paper develops a real options model of an all-equity financed firm that receives mean-reverting earnings and is subject to progressive taxation. Tax progression arises from an exogenously given tax exemption threshold such that the firm pays no corporate income taxes should its earnings be less than this threshold. The firm possesses a perpetual option to liquidate its operation for a deterministic salvage value at any time. We show that the firm optimally exercises the liquidation option at the first instant when its earnings reach an endogenously determined threshold (the liquidation trigger) from above. Using numerical analysis, we show that the liquidation trigger is higher or lower than the exogenously given tax exemption threshold, depending on whether the tax exemption is below or above a unique critical level, respectively. We further show that the liquidation trigger is strictly decreasing for all tax exemption thresholds less than the critical level, and can be hump-shaped for all tax exemption thresholds greater than the critical level, especially when the salvage value is small. Corporate income taxes as such are not neutral when tax schedules are progressive. 相似文献
92.
Many studies have found strong and positive relationship between per capita income and health care expenditure. These studies usually adopt the assumptions that (1) the relationships among the variables are constant; and/or (2) the supply-side market for health care could be treated by using standard demand functions models. To take into account of the supply side of health care, we use the demand and supply approach with the cointegration model to re-examine this issue. By using Taiwan health care expenditure data, our results show that the real income elasticity is smaller than unity and the health care expenditures are primarily for ‘curing’ rather than ‘caring’. 相似文献
93.
以技术创新阶段细分为研究基点,利用2009—2018年省级面板数据,构建超越对数随机前沿分析模型,实证检验技术研发阶段和创新市场化阶段不同金融发展模式下金融结构对创新产出与技术创新效率的影响效应。结果发现:在创新增量方面,银行体系发展对创新产出的正向激励效应显著优于股票市场发展,银行主导型金融结构对创新产出发挥着重要支撑作用。在创新增效方面,股票市场发展对技术创新效率的正向激励效应尤为显著,银行体系发展对技术创新效率产生抑制效应,造成较大程度的技术效率损失。结果表明,技术创新量高多产、提质增效依赖于金融结构持续优化和金融发展模式优势互补。 相似文献
94.
我国上市公司融资时,表现出强烈的股权融资偏好,国内很多学者从多个角度分析了这一现象存在的原因.本文从内部人控制这一视角,将经理层作为内部人的代表,建立博弈模型分析内部人控制如何导致上市公司偏好股权融资,并提出相应的对策建议. 相似文献
95.
跨国公司制造业R&D投资国别选择的实证研究——以美国跨国公司为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以美国跨国公司为例,对跨国公司制造业海外R&D投资国别选择的影响因子进行了实证研究。结果表明,从世界范围看,跨国公司在东道国的FDI和东道国市场规模是影响跨国公司R&D投资的主要因子;仅就发展中国家而言,东道国市场规模并不影响跨国公司R&D投资;跨国公司的产业类别不同,其R&D投资国别选择的影响因子亦有差异。 相似文献
96.
This paper investigates the driving forces, emission trends and reduction potential of China's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions based on a provincial panel data set covering the years 1995 to 2009. A series of static and dynamic panel data models are estimated, and then an optimal forecasting model selected by out-of-sample criteria is used to forecast the emission trend and reduction potential up to 2020. The estimation results show that economic development, technology progress and industry structure are the most important factors affecting China's CO2 emissions, while the impacts of energy consumption structure, trade openness and urbanization level are negligible. The inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita CO2 emissions and economic development level is not strongly supported by the estimation results. The impact of capital adjustment speed is significant. Scenario simulations further show that per capita and aggregate CO2 emissions of China will increase continuously up to 2020 under any of the three scenarios developed in this study, but the reduction potential is large. 相似文献
97.
98.
关于支持小微企业转型发展的思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前,小微企业在经济社会发展中扮演了越来越重要的角色,但由于小微企业存在着先天性不足,抗冲击抗风险的能力较低,国际国内经济环境一旦出现变化,很容易陷入困境。近些年来,小微企业的困难越来越凸显出来。为了帮助小微企业缓解困难,国家出台了一系列政策措施支持小微企业转型发展,金融部门也制定了多项措施办法加大对小微企业的支持力度。 相似文献
99.
100.
Demarketing as a differentiation strategy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Demarketing discourages consumers from buying. This paper shows that demarketing can be a profitable alternative when differentiation through product improvements is not cost effective. The impact of differentiating demarketing on profit, market share, consumers, and total welfare is investigated.This research began while Hess was visiting MIT's Sloan School of Management and was finished while visiting University of Haifa; he thanks both for their support. 相似文献