Household Income,Demand, and Saving: Deriving Macro Data With Micro Data Concepts

We develop adjustments to align the NIPA measures of key household variables with cash flow concepts that reflect household budgets and actual demand generated by households. The adjusted variables have substantially different behaviors across time than NIPA measures of household spending and saving. Furthermore, household income aggregated from micro data sets like the CPS, SCF, and PSID differs significantly from NIPA personal income. But the micro survey data likely reflect cash flow concepts rather than NIPA definitions. Indeed the adjusted cash flow measure of income eliminates much of the gap between micro data income variables and NIPA household income.     

Estimation of the spillover effect between patents and innovation using the GARCH–BEKK model

This study examines the mean and variance spillovers between patents filed and total factor productivity in Pakistan during the period lasting from 1964 to 2015. Using the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic–Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner (GARCH–BEKK) model, we find no evidence of mean spillover effects between patents filed and productivity growth. However, the results support the existence of the variance spillover effect, which illustrates that the innovations may affect productivity in the long‐run. Moreover, bidirectional causality in the mean and variance between innovation and productivity growth is non‐existent. We find that R&D/GDP, skilled labour force and economic freedom are the significant factors affecting technological advancements in the country. We also determine that R&D/GDP and economic freedom are the important factors affecting patent activities in Pakistan. Our findings suggest that the government needs to emphasize the regulations of the patent system to safeguard the interests of investors, which ultimately promotes economic growth.     

The Consequences of Audit‐Related Earnings Revisions

In this study, we investigate the consequences that auditors and their clients face when earnings announced in an unaudited earnings release are subsequently revised, presumably as a result of year‐end audit procedures, so that earnings as reported in the 10‐K differ from earnings as previously announced. Specifically, we examine whether the likelihood of an auditor “losing the client” is greater following such revisions, and whether the likelihood of dismissal is influenced by revisions that more negatively impact earnings, that cause the client to miss important earnings benchmarks, by greater local auditor competition, or by auditor characteristics. We also examine audit pricing subsequent to audit‐related earnings revisions for evidence of pricing concessions to retain the client. Finally, we examine whether client executives experience a greater likelihood of turnover following an audit‐related earnings revision. Consistent with expectations, we find that auditor dismissals are more likely following audit‐related earnings revisions. We also find that dismissals are more likely when revisions cause clients to miss important benchmarks and when there is greater local auditor competition. Among nondismissing clients, we find that future audit fees are lower when the effect of the revision on earnings is more negative, consistent with auditors offering price concessions to retain clients when revisions are more displeasing. We also find a greater likelihood of future chief financial officer (CFO) turnover as the effect of the revision worsens. Our findings offer important insights into the consequences that auditors face when balancing their responsibility for high audit quality and client satisfaction, as well as into the consequences that CFOs face when releasing inflated but not fully audited earnings.     

DEVELOPMENT DEBATE AND PRACTICE: A situational appraisal of demographic data utilisation in planning in the Eastern Cape province

The relationship between population and development is frequently highlighted in international debates as signifying that changes in population size, age and gender structures, settlement patterns and other population characteristics have implications for public policy planning and for developing evaluation indicators. This study explores the accessibility, quality, userfriendliness and other aspects of demographic data from a planning perspective. Planners from South Africa's Eastern Cape provincial Departments of Education and Health were interviewed and the policy documents were studied to determine how they incorporate population variables. The findings indicate dissatisfaction among planners with the quality of available demographic data at sub-national levels, particularly for the smaller geographic units - regions, districts and villages. Inadequate coordination of data compilation and evaluation is another common perception. There is consensus on the potential contribution of demographic data to improved planning, and recommendations for improving demographic data accessibility and use were made.     

Non-Segmented Equilibria Under Differential Taxation: Evidence from the Canadian Government Bond Market

This paper investigates tax effects in the Canadian government bond market during the period 1964–1986. Unlike previous studies, we apply both statistical and nonstatistical tests to analyze clientele effects and market equilibria. The results divide the sample into two distinct periods of time, with the end of 1976 marking the division. We find that taxeffects are almost non-existent in the Canadian government bond market before the end of 1976, but are predominant in the post-1976 period. Non-segmented market equilibria cannot be rejected before 1977, but are strongly rejected after 1976. In fact, segmented equilibria with clientele effects in both quantities and prices characterize the entire five year period from 1982 to 1986. These findings are consistent with tax reforms, government deficit financing and interest rate fluctuations in Canada during our sample period.     

The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations

This study examines the effects of personal and situational determinants on work engagement and service performance. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, we hypothesize that workplace ostracism will reduce work engagement and service performance and that highly neurotic individuals are more susceptible to ostracism. To test the model, we collect longitudinal data from 304 supervisor–subordinate dyads in 19 Chinese hotels. As predicated, we find that: (1) workplace ostracism is negatively related to service performance; (2) workplace ostracism negatively impacts employee service performance via work engagement; and (3) neuroticism strengthens workplace ostracism's direct effect on work engagement and indirect effect on service performance. The implications of these findings, the strengths and limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.     

Unlocking the promise of mobile value-added services by applying new collaborative business models

Due to the intense voice service competition and subscriber growth saturation, the average revenue per user (ARPU) of mobile communications service providers continues to decline, thereby severely affecting their total revenue and profitability. To counter this challenge, mobile communications service providers are now moving from “tariff competition” to “service competition.” As mobile communications enter the next-generation network (NGN) era, network bandwidth and transmission speed are greatly enhanced. The enhancement enables mobile communications service providers to provide content-rich, multimedia value-added services to create new service value, meet demands of customers, and increase ARPU. To understand how to construct mobile value-added services, this study uses survey forms to collect feedback from 35 industry and research institution experts and scholars and to present systematically the finding on the mobile value-added services strategy. The research employs the analytic network process (ANP) to analyze the strategy of mobile service providers in delivering mobile services in the NGN. The business strategy evaluation framework and evaluation result can be used as guides for players in the mobile communications industry to review, improve, and enhance their service and strategy.     

What Does It Mean to Act With Integrity?

This exploratory study was aimed at understanding more about theconcept of integrity, first, and second, to identify whatintegrity looked like in practice. The sample consisted of over300 high school students who completed a college entrance essayabout acting with integrity as part of their college application. Their responses were content analyzed along a number ofdimensions. Results revealed, in the first place, some confusionabout the concept of integrity. The focus of acting withintegrity was most often directed to one's own behaviors ratherthan the behaviors of other people but, in this regard, theactions typically assumed a leadership responsibility (in apersonal rather than organizational context). Self-esteem wasone very important reinforcing outcome of such actions.     

Convergence in accounting standards: Insights from academicians and practitioners

The efficiency and competitiveness of global capital markets depends on the ability of financial statement preparers to communicate effectively with investors through financial reports. Despite the global movement to adopt IFRS, US adoption of IFRS is still uncertain. To assess potential for convergence, this study compares perspectives of academicians and practitioners regarding convergence to a set of global accounting standards. The majority of respondents believe that effective convergence to a set of globally accepted accounting standards would be beneficial to preparers, users, auditors, analysts, and standard setters. Convergence in accounting standards can require extensive and possibly costly changes to the standard-setting infrastructure and enforcement process in the US and other countries, and will also require proper training for management, auditors, and investors.     

Representing identities through tourism: encounters of ethnic minorities in Dali,Yunnan Province,People's Republic of China

In the current era of globalisation ȧand regional economic integration, localised concerns with cultural identity, historical memory and collective belonging are assuming a new significance. Rather than signalling the end of localised identities, however, the current period has infused processes of identity formation with elements of political economy. One central component of political economy through which these processes are being expressed is tourism. In this context, as the social sciences have begun to take tourism seriously when addressing broader issues of culture and society, this paper elaborates on new arenas through which processes of identity formation are being articulated. Drawing on a current research project focused on cultural tourism in Dali, Yunnan Province, China, the discussion emphasises the extent to which cultural identities are appropriated, constructed and traded through and around material objects of touristic exchange. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.