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91.
While research and development (R&D) investment has been procyclical in the post-war period, recent literature suggests that
the optimal path for R&D is countercyclical, and that the economy would be better off by subsidizing R&D in recessions. The
objective of this paper is to analyze the welfare effects of distortions in the intertemporal allocation of R&D resources
and to compare diverse policy interventions so as to improve social welfare. To this end, we introduce a calibrated dynamic
stochastic general equilibrium model with Schumpeterian endogenous growth that is capable of explaining the observed procyclicality
of R&D. Our results show that the cost of business cycles is lower in the decentralized economy with procyclical R&D than
in the efficient allocation with countercyclical R&D. This is because the suboptimal propagation of shocks in the decentralized
equilibrium offsets some of the existing steady-state distortions. In this second-best context, countercyclical R&D subsidies have no positive effect on welfare. In contrast, fiscal policies aimed at restoring
the optimal steady-state produce large welfare gains. 相似文献
92.
We report on an experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the way in which market information is presented to
participants in laboratory Cournot duopolies. We find that the most standard variations, which are the use of a profit table
or a profit calculator, yield indistinguishable performance. However, the addition of a best-response option to the profit
calculator tends to increase aggregate output to the Cournot level and decrease the incidence of tacit collusion. 相似文献
93.
In this paper, we take up an approach of (Lindberg, in Bernoulli, 15(2):464–474, 2009) who introduced a new parameterization
of the Black–Scholes model that allows for an easy solution of the continuous-time Markowitz mean-variance problem. We generalize
the results of (Lindberg, in Bernoulli, 15(2):464–474, 2009) to a jump-diffusion market setting and slightly correct the proof
and the assertion of the main result. Further, we demonstrate the implications of the Lindberg parameterization for the stock
price drift vector in different market settings, analyse the dependence of the optimal portfolio from jump and diffusion risk
and finally indicate how to use the method. We particularly also show how the optimal strategy can be obtained with the restricted
use of historical data. 相似文献
94.
In this paper, we study different and, in particular, “optimal” reactions of fiscal (and to some extent monetary) policies
to the financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 in Slovenia, a small open economy that is part of the Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU). Using an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we simulate the effects of the global crisis under the assumption
of no-policy reactions, i.e. assuming that macroeconomic policies are conducted without attempting to deal with the effects
of the crisis. Next, we study the possibilities of fiscal policy reducing or even annihilating the effects of the crisis.
We also investigate the optimal reaction of fiscal policies based on the assumption that Slovenian policy-makers behave as
though they were optimizing an objective function. We show that optimal policies call for only a very modestly active countercyclical
role of fiscal policies. There are strong trade-offs between countercyclical fiscal policies and the requirements of fiscal
solvency. 相似文献
95.
Peter Boettke (2007) argues that economists need not act pluralistically in order for pluralism to thrive in the marketplace of economic ideas. From a market process perspective, Boettke sees intellectual diversity and openness as catallactic outputs, not inputs—emergent by-products of academic specialization and trade. To expect individual scholars to behave in a pluralistic manner is unnecessary and “completely inappropriate” since it detracts from their central task: “to commit themselves to an approach and pursue it doggedly, even in the face of great doubt and resistance by one’s peers” (Boettke 2007). This paper proposes a Smithian revision of Boettke’s position. The author argues that scholarly pluralism is best understood as a constitutional rule of academic life—a virtue ethic that promotes learning and intellectual freedom by mitigating tyranny and autarky in the republic of science. Drawing from the writings of Adam Smith, Friedrich Hayek, Deirdre McCloskey, Bruce Caldwell, James Buchanan, Don Lavoie, and Boettke himself, the author argues that scholarly pluralism has been, and continues to be, a necessary condition for the flourishing of Austrian economists as free, responsible, efficacious thinkers. 相似文献
96.
Herausforderung an ein multidisziplin?res Team – Um m?glichst gro?e Erfolge zu erzielen, muss die Frührehabilitation nach
einem Schlaganfall bereits auf der Stroke Unit beginnen. Sabine Kemmler schildert die gro?e Herausforderung an die Versorgung
von Schlaganfall-Patienten für Pflegekr?fte. 相似文献
97.
98.
Assistenztechnologie im Wohnumfeld — Die Terminalphase des Lebens in h?uslicher Umgebung verbringen zu k?nnen entspricht dem
Wunsch der meisten Menschen. In Oldenburg startete mit PAALiativ ein Projekt, mit dem exemplarisch nach M?glichkeiten der
technischen Unterstützung für ein selbstbestimmtes Leben Schwerstkranker gesucht wird. 相似文献
99.
Wohnungsdesorganisation bei Sucht - Chaotische Wohnverh?ltnisse lassen sich oft auf eine Suchterkrankung zurückführen. Dabei
kann man einen deutlichen Unterschied zwischen Wohnungen von Menschen mit einer Kaufsucht und denen von Menschen mit psychischen
St?rungen und Verhaltensst?rungen durch psychotrope Substanzen beobachten. 相似文献
100.
LebensAufgabe für pflegende Angeh?rige — Die Betreuung und Pflege eines demenziell erkrankten Familienangeh?rigen stellt nahe
Bezugspersonen vor gro?e Herausforderungen. Ohne Unterstützungsangebote brechen viele unter der Last des Alltags zusammen.
Pflegekr?fte sollten daher die Belastungsgrenzen von Angeh?rigen erkennen und ihnen rechtzeitig professionelle Hilfe anbieten. 相似文献