深圳市线路板蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量调查

对深圳市60家线路板企业含铜蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量的检测结果显示:酸、碱性蚀刻废液铜含量范围分别为38.6～167.9g/L、53.7～171.8g/L,,通过测量比重推算铜含量适用于碱性废液但不适合酸性废液.56个样品可检出砷(大于3mg/L).56个样品未检出铅(小于5mg/L),其余4个铅含量偏高.所有样品汞、镉均未检出,含量分别小于4mg/L、0.3 mg/L.将各样品砷、铅、汞、镉含量实测值换算为铜含量100ga.时的相对值后发现,上述四元素在蚀刻废液中的正常值分别为＜12mgAs/L、＜5 mg Pb/L、＜4 mg Hg/L、＜0.3 mg Cd/L.     

Lies,damned lies and statistics: the accuracy of survey responses

That survey research is error prone is not a new idea and different varieties of non-sampling error have been investigated in the literature as well as consideration being given in many statistics textbooks to the issue of sampling error. The paper here considers research upon corporate environmental reporting. It compares information provided by corporate environmental reports with information that survey respondents claim their organization’s environmental report contains. This enables the accuracy of the claims to be assessed. Consideration is given to two different industries the Water industry and the Energy industry. Errors due to inaccurate reporting by survey respondents are shown to be relatively infrequent and respondents appear just about as likely to claim they report information that they do not, in fact, report as to fail to indicate that they report information that is, in fact, actually reported.     

中国的对外贸易盈余失控了吗——来自中国1995年1月到2007年10月月度贸易数据的证据

本文以中国1995年1月~2007年10月月度进出口贸易数据为样本,依据理论模型的推导,采用较简洁的Engle&Granger协整关系方法论,对全样本和以2001年12月为界的两个子样本:1995年1月~2001年11月与2001年12月~2007年10月分别进行了协整检验,且对两个子样本在协整回归的基础上建立了误差修正模型(ECM)。我们得出如下结论:无论对于全样本还是两个子样本,我们发现中国月度出口和进口之间的协整关系都是存在的。中国的贸易盈余并没有失控,经常账户的跨期预算约束并没有被违反。     

Environmental Taxation and Vertical Cournot Oligopolies: How Eco-industries Matter

This article specifies what an optimal pollution tax should be when dealing with a vertical Cournot oligopoly. Polluting firms sell final goods to consumers and outsource their abatement activities to an environment industry. It is assumed that both markets are imperfectly competitive. Thus, the tax is a single instrument used to regulate three sorts of distortions, one negative externality and two restrictions in production. Consequently, the optimal tax rate is the result of a trade-off that depends on the firms’ market power along the vertical structure. A detailed analysis of Cournot-Nash equilibria in both markets is also performed. In this context, the efficiency of abatement activities plays a key-role. It gives a new understanding to the necessary conditions for the emergence of an eco-industrial sector.      

Competition Policy: What are the Costs and Benefits of Measuring its Costs and Benefits?

Summary  Competition authorities are increasingly measuring the effects of their enforcement actions, seeking a robust justification for the proliferation of competition policy. We highlight the importance of identifying the right counterfactual against which to measure effects, and set out the relevant categories of costs and benefits. We then explore how a balance can be struck between the benefits and inherent limitations of these measurement exercises. Relatively crude analyses of cartel action benefits can be sufficient to achieve public legitimacy for competition policy. Assessing the effects of merger and conduct inquiries is often ambiguous, but could be used to improve decision-making processes. Director and Managing Consultant, respectively, at Oxera, Oxford and London. The valuable comments of Fod Barnes, Kerry Hughes and an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone.     

Tourism as an alternative source of regional growth in Portugal: a panel data analysis at NUTS II and III levels

The role of tourism is of vital economic importance, particularly for small countries with a privileged geographical location and favourable weather conditions. This paper examines the importance of tourism as a conditioning factor for higher regional growth in Portugal by employing the conditional convergence hypothesis of Barro and Sala-i-Martin, associated with the endogenous growth theory. The panel data estimation approach provides evidence of the positive impact of tourism (through the accommodation capacity) on the growth in per-capita income among the Portuguese regions, increasing the rate of convergence. Therefore, tourism can be considered as an alternative source for stimulating higher regional growth in Portugal, if the supply characteristics of this sector are improved.     

数控加工中内圆角清角时超程距离的计算

通过对数控加工中内圆角清角时刀具超程距离选取不合理时产生的现象进行分析，阐明其缺点并了提出正确的刀具超程距离的计算方法。     

A market model of analysts’ opinions to explain changes in the dispersion of opinions

The demand for and supply of analysts’ opinions in this model yield an equilibrium that demonstrates how the information content of the opinions reacts to changes in exogenous parameters. The model also shows how changes in the parameters make analysts’ opinions more or less dispersed; for example, a decline in investor risk aversion, a decrease in market volatility, and an increase in information costs can lead to analysts’ opinions becoming more similar. Recognizing how exogenous factors can affect the supply and demand of analysts’ opinions gives additional insights into questions concerning what may appear to be herd behavior by analysts and also the relationship between forecast dispersion and information content. (JEL: G29, C71)