全球价值链背景下产业集群租金及经济效应分析

在全球价值链背景下,产业集群竞争优势起源于生产要素对“集群租金”的追逐,租金的丧失将导致集群的衰亡。随着集群网络体系的不断完善,全球价值链的生成,基于链内单个行为主体的租金向链内关系租金与网络租金,再由关系与网络租金向嵌入于全球价值链租金演变,产业集群发展模式相应从非正式、封闭型向网络化、创新型,再由网络化向嵌入全球价值链演进。集群的协作关系有利于降低市场交易成本,随着交易成本的节约,产业集群就会产生专用性资产共享与互补、知识外溢、规模经济等一系列的协同效应。     

审计师选择与设立审计委员会的自选择问题——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文采用Heckman(1978)的二阶段回归方法,以2002-2006年我国证券市场上市公司为研究样本,在研究审计师选择的同时控制了设立审计委员会的自选择问题,并将公司设立审计委员会的实际情况与假设的相反情况进行对比,分析它们不同的审计师选择倾向,从而间接检验了审计委员会的治理效率。研究发现:自选择问题对审计师选择存在显著的影响。因此,拒绝了公司随机设立审计委员会的原假设;在控制自选择之后,回归方程中变量的斜率系数整体上存在显著差异;并且没有设立审计委员会的公司比设立审计委员会的公司更可能聘请四大会计师事务所。     

Optimal insurance in the presence of reinsurance

This paper studies an optimal insurance and reinsurance design problem among three agents: policyholder, insurer, and reinsurer. We assume that the preferences of the parties are given by distortion risk measures, which are equivalent to dual utilities. By maximizing the dual utility of the insurer and jointly solving the optimal insurance and reinsurance contracts, it is found that a layering insurance is optimal, with every layer being borne by one of the three agents. We also show that reinsurance encourages more insurance, and is welfare improving for the economy. Furthermore, it is optimal for the insurer to charge the maximum acceptable insurance premium to the policyholder. This paper also considers three other variants of the optimal insurance/reinsurance models. The first two variants impose a limit on the reinsurance premium so as to prevent insurer to reinsure all its risk. An optimal solution is still layering insurance, though the insurer will have to retain higher risk. Finally, we study the effect of competition by permitting the policyholder to insure its risk with an insurer, a reinsurer, or both. The competition from the reinsurer dampens the price at which an insurer could charge to the policyholder, although the optimal indemnities remain the same as the baseline model. The reinsurer will however not trade with the policyholder in this optimal solution.     

对银行入股保险公司相关问题的思考

最近政府放宽了对银行入股保险公司的限制,这表明我国银行保险的合作取得了突破性的进展。本文分析了银行入股保险公司的两个层面的动机;同时,也从多个角度对银行入股对保险公司乃至整个保险行业产生的影响进行了分析;最后,提出了银行保险合作模式的选择和相关建议。     

高新技术企业自主创新与金融支持效率——基于广东的数据分析

通过建立高新技术企业自主创新影响因素的模型测算金融支持对广东高新技术企业自主创新的作用力度,并结合商业银行贷款的贡献率及存贷比状况对金融支持高新技术企业科技自主创新的效率进行实证研究,结果表明整体上看广东省金融运行活动对该类企业自主创新的支持力度不够,且效率偏低,各地区之间存在企业自主创新能力及金融支持效率的区域性差异。因此,应实施税收优惠和探索多元化风险分担机制来引导商业银行加大对企业创新贷款支持的力度,拓宽直接融资渠道,并针对区域特点制定相应的金融支持政策,这是进一步提升中国金融支持企业自主创新效率的有效途径。     

Power, conflict, and cooperation: The impact of guanxi in Chinese marketing channels

This paper tests the impact of guanxi on behaviors among firms in a Chinese marketing channel. Guanxi is operationalized in this paper as emotional closeness and interactive state. We find that the emotional closeness between channel-boundary personnel of firms has a positive impact on their exercise of noncoercive power, a negative impact on their exercise of coercive power, and a negative impact on the perceived conflict between them. In addition, emotional closeness has an indirect but positive impact on perceived cooperation. Interactive state between the boundary personnel of two firms has a positive impact on a firm exercising noncoercive power and a negative impact on perceived conflict between them. At the same time, it is positively related to a firm exercising coercive power. This shows not only the significant influence of guanxi on a firm's channel behaviors but also the constructive effects of both emotional closeness and interactive state on marketing channel behaviors in China.     

Transfers and the Samuelson Rule in Stock Externality Provision—Why Do We Need Them Both?

This paper examines the relationship between the Samuelson rule for efficient provision of stock externality and unilateral transfers for equalization of mitigation costs among the agents. Using a generic model of stock externality provisions, we proved that the revised Samuelson rule that allows transfers is a necessary and sufficient condition for efficient provision of stock externalities. In addition, selection of social welfare weights of the agents plays a key role in directions and magnitudes of the transfers. We discuss the implications of the revised Samuelson rule in economic modeling of climate change, an empirical case of stock externality, through numerical simulations in the RICE model.     

国外物流绩效统计现状及对我国的启示

我国物流发展起步比较晚,物流绩效统计工作还处在最初阶段,目前还没有建立比较完善的物流绩效统计指标体系,在物流绩效统计的信息收集、物流指标的建立、物流统计的信息分析和信息利用上还有许多地方需要加强。相比之下,国外物流业发达的国家和地区,物流业发展比较成熟,相应的配套设施和工作也进行得比较全面,已经建立了比较完善的物流统计指标体系。学习和借鉴国外物流绩效统计的发展经验,将有助于我国物流绩效统计工作的进一步展开和完善,推进我国物流业的向前发展。本文通过对美国、欧洲和日本物流绩效统计发展现状进行详细介绍,从中得出对我国物流绩效统计工作展开的启示,希望本文能为以后的研究者提供一些思路,以促进我国物流绩效统计工作的向前发展。     

水利工程对生态环境的影响及解决对策的分析

本文主要针对水利工程对我国生态环境的影响进行了分析研究,同时,也提出了一些相应的解决措施,以供参考。随着我国经济的发展和科学技术的进步,水利工程在防洪、发电、灌溉、航运等方面发挥了巨大的社会与经济效应,对促进经济的发展起了重要的作用。但是,水利工程对社会经济和生态环境的影响正在引起人们的高度重视,尤其是在水利工程建设的过程中,它往往破坏大量的生态环境导致生态环境平衡。因此,衡量一个水利工程的成败不仅要看它的工程技术解决的如何合理,还要看它在建设中对环境的影响是否得要重视和有具体的、完善的解决措施。     

尼龙阀芯单向阀替代不锈钢锥阀芯单向阀可行性分析

本文从市场应用、成本、可靠性等多方面分析了尼龙阀芯PA66单向阀替代不锈钢锥单向阀的可能性,通过和市场上常见的几种阀芯在不同冷媒中的浸泡试验以及长期运行试验等得出结论,尼龙阀芯单向阀在在R410a新冷媒中性能稳定,存在较大成本优势,可以替代加工工艺复杂且成本较高的不锈钢锥单向阀。