Money and specialization

Summary.  This paper examines the relationship between specialization and the use of money in two versions of the search-theoretic monetary model. The first version establishes a surprising result that specialization is more likely to occur in a barter economy than in a monetary economy. The result is reversed in the second version where a different specification of preferences is adopted to limit the scope of barter. This contrast between the results provides a concrete illustration of the general argument that money encourages specialization only when it enlarges the extent of the market. Received: January 31, 1995; revised version August 12, 1996     

倾力构建网络泉城

在济南市一合资公司任部门经理的李世新有一个习惯:不管多忙,每天晚上两个小时的上网时间他总会想办法挤出来。“在互联网上看一看,了解跟自己有关的东西,也放松紧张了一天的神经。”     

The effects of transition on the distribution of income in China

Using two large samples for 1988 and 1995 we decompose the Gini coefficient of household income according to type of income with the purpose of analyzing reasons for the rapid increase of inequality. The results show that the change in relative size of money income and its changed profile are found to be the major processes behind the rapid increase of income inequality in rural China. Changes in housing allocation and an increased number of retirees in combination with higher benefits have made inequality increase in urban China and in China as a whole. JEL classification: D31, P27.     

International Borrowing, Specialization, and Unemployment in a Small Open Economy

The authors show that an increase in international borrowing increases specialization and unemployment in a small open economy that is subject to terms‐of‐trade risks. The economy has a production advantage in the export sector. However, the size of the export sector is limited by the available funds. To insure workers against income fluctuations arising from terms‐of‐trade risks, firms in the export sector offer workers a stable wage rate with the possibility of unemployment. An increase in international borrowing increases specialization in the export sector, which leads to higher unemployment when the terms‐of‐trade shock is bad. A state‐contingent price subsidy can reduce unemployment without inefficiently reducing specialization. The results are robust to the introduction of risk‐averse firms.     

论加强规划管理全面提升综合网运行维护水平

文章结合陕西省邮政综合网运行维护的实际,总结了陕西省邮政信息技术局在综合网运行维护工作中注重长期规划、强化规范管理、全面提升综合网运行维护水平的经验,提出了加强前期规划和规范管理是邮政信息网运行维护工作的重中之重。     

Exchange rate movements and foreign direct investment (FDI): Japanese investment in Asia, 1987–2008

The paper estimates the impact of exchange rate movements on foreign direct investment (FDI). By using the panel data of Japanese FDI flows to nine dynamic Asian economies during 1987–2008, the paper finds that (i) FDI declined with a depreciation of the yen against host country currencies; (ii) it increased with exchange rate volatility; and (iii) it was little affected by the Asian financial crisis, especially when disguised financial flows were removed from the data. A novel result concerns the negative response of FDI to the third moment of monthly exchange rate changes: the volume of FDI was smaller when the distribution was positively skewed (i.e., when the yen was biased towards relatively large depreciation shocks). If skewness proxies for expected mean-reverting changes, this supports the idea that source country investors care about the future stream of revenues and returns denominated in their own currency. These results are robust, with other standard control variables having statistically significant coefficients with expected signs.     

区域软实力与东莞经济转型初探

区域软实力是后工业经济时代经济增长的主要推动力,东莞可以通过大力发展和培育富有现代工业精神的区域文化、提升区域人力资源素质、改善和增加区域公共服务等举措来增强自身的软实力,突破经济发展瓶颈,实现经济成功转型。     

Servant leadership,transformational leadership,and customer satisfaction: An implicit leadership theories perspective

Drawing on implicit leadership theory (ILT) research, we develop and test a model that explains why integrating transformational leadership and servant leadership may achieve enhanced leader effectiveness. Using a sample of 237 hairstylists and 474 of their customers representing 31 salons, we confirm the augmentation effects of transformational leadership and servant leadership on followers' perceptions of leader stereotypicality (i.e., the extent to which a leader matches followers' implicit theories of leaders) and on customer satisfaction. However, we do not find the hypothesized interaction effect of transformational and servant leadership. Implications are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.     

对企业购并三个基本要素的探讨

公司购并是一个复杂的过程,涉及经济、政治、法律、文化以及历史等各方面的因素,牵涉面广,影响大,它需要企业对目标企业和外部环境和企业的状况做出综合评价和判断。国际上成功的大企业几乎都发生过多次购并活动才取得今天的规模和优势。笔者认为,购并前周密的规划、确定合理的     

切实加强水环境监测实验室的质量控制

将水环境监测实验室的质量控制分为预先控制,过程控制和事后控制三个阶段,从而加强了实验室质量控制的细度和力度。