国际清偿力的未来和中国角色

本文分析了人民币国际化对全球货币体系的影响和人民币成为储备货币的可能性.在一个不稳定、金融一体化的世界中,各国政府对储备资产的审慎性需求将会增加.但是,随着新兴市场国家预防性储备需求的不断增长,对少数经济越来越不景气的净债务国的清偿力供应施加的压力不断增大,这令世界面临发生第三次全球储备体系危机的风险,即特里芬困境重演.避免这种结果有两种选择途径,要么在全球清偿力供给体系中引入某些大的新兴市场国家以扩大国际清偿力的供给,要么设法控制新兴市场国家的风险以使其降低预防性货币需求,中国在两种解决方案中都应扮演重要角色.     

携手共建未来

一、快速进行的经济现代化——《国家加快工业创新发展规划》的延续尊敬的哈萨克斯坦人民!我们正步入国家独立的20周年。1991年12月,我们选择了稳定和成功作为国家发展的战略目标。为此,我们在每一个新的发展阶段制定新的发展规划,我们在不断前进。     

现行国际货币体系是危机的主要原因吗

本文分析了现行国际货币体系、国际收支失衡、汇率制度等与全球金融危机的关系,认为是各国实行的宏观调控和微观监管政策以及国际金融体系导致了危机。在现行国际货币体系下,国际收支失衡不会长期存在,浮动汇率制度有助于解决失衡问题。     

Finding your innovation sweet spot

Most new product ideas are either uninspired or impractical. So how can developers hit the innovation sweet spot--far enough from existing products to attract real interest but close enough that they are feasible to make and market? They can apply five innovation patterns that manipulate existing components of a product and its immediate environment to come up with something both ingenious and viable, say the authors. The subtraction pattern works by removing product components, particularly those that seem desirable or indispensable. Think of the legless high chair that attaches to the kitchen table. The multiplication pattern makes one or more copies of an existing component, then alters those copies in some important way. For example, the Gillette double-bladed razor features a second blade that cuts whiskers at a slightly different angle. By dividing an existing product into its component parts--the division pattern--you can see something that was an integrated whole in an entirely different light. Think of the modern home stereo--it has modular speakers, tuners, and CD and tape players, which allow users to customize their sound systems. The task unification pattern involves assigning a new task to an existing product element or environmental attribute, thereby unifying two tasks in a single component. An example is the defrosting filament in an automobile windshield that also serves as a radio antenna. Finally, the attribute dependency pattern alters or creates the dependent relationships between a product and its environment. For example, by creating a dependent relationship between lens color and external lighting conditions, eyeglass developers came up with a lens that changes color when exposed to sunlight.     

Disaster relief, inc

When disaster strikes, many corporations respond generously. After the 2004 tsunami, for instance, U.S. firms alone contributed more than half a billion dollars in cash and in-kind donations. But a host of reactive efforts don't produce the best results-and may even get in the way. To make the most of their humanitarian efforts, companies need to address two fundamental questions: What kind of aid do we want to contribute--philanthropic (money and in-kind donations) or integrative (backroom, operational assistance)? And how do we want to contribute it--by working one-on-one with a single agency or by joining a consortium? The permutations of those two decisions lead to four different approaches, each with its own strengths and challenges. Single-company philanthropic partnerships work well when there's a good match between what a company wants to contribute and what an agency needs, as with Coca-Cola's donations of water to the Red Cross. More diffuse, but also potentially more effective, are the benefits of joining a multicompany philanthropic partnership, which enables the resources of many firms to be matched to the missions of many agencies. More difficult to establish but more fundamental in its impact is a single-company integrative partnership, in which a corporation works to improve the way an aid agency operates, as the logistics giant TNT has done to help the distribution efforts of the World Food Programme. And most difficult to implement--but potentially most effective-is a multicompany integrative partnership, which brings to bear the collective best practices of many companies to improve the response capabilities of multiple agencies. It's easy to see why the image of a relief worker carrying a sack of grain delivers an emotional wallop, but the behind-the-scenes work of process enhancement is just as crucial to humanitarian efforts. The sooner executives realize this, the better positioned the world will be to respond to global disasters.     

Retiree health benefits in the United States: a strategic critical management review

This article provides a critical review of studies associated with retiree health benefits in the United States. An attempt is made to determine if logical conclusions or trends could be identified regarding this issue of health care policy debate. The forms of retiree health benefits are covered, as is a discussion of Medigap policies and insurance coverage for the elderly. Employer-sponsored retiree benefits and the effects of supplemental coverage on the use of services are also reviewed. Lastly, a discussion and conclusion regarding this research agenda is presented with a critical analysis of the health care policy management debate for the future.