Optimal growth and cycles in overlapping generations models

Summary This paper investigates the dynamical properties of optimal paths in one-sector overlapping generations models without assuming that the utility function of the representative agent is separable. When the utility function is separable, the optimal growth paths monotonically converges toward the modified golden rule steady state. In the non-separable case, we show that the optimal growth path may be oscillating and optimal two-period cycles may exist. Applying these results to the model with altruism, we show that the condition of operative bequest is fully compatible with endogeneous fluctuations provided that the discount factor is close enough to one. All our results are illustrated using Cobb-Douglas utility and production functions.We thank C. Blackorby, J. Blot, P. Cartigny and one anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions which generally improved the exposition of the paper. We would also like to thank the participants of the Population and demography session of the European Economic Association 10th Annual Congress (Prague, The Czech Republic, September 1–4, 1995).     

从会计双重属性看会计的国际化和国家化

会计具有双重属性 ,一是自然属性 ,二是社会属性。自然属性要求作为技术手段的会计采用国际先进的处理方法 ,国际贸易和国际资本市场发展及跨国公司在全球的活动使会计趋于国际化。社会属性源于会计的经济后果 ,会计信息作为执行各种契约的依据 ,会导致产权的变动 ,各国会根据会计环境制定有利于自身的会计准则。各国社会环境的差异使具有社会属性的会计长期保持国家化特色。     

目前我国土地利用规划决策新趋势

土地利用规划是一项多学科、多部门、多时序的系统工程,其规划决策过程中涉及到许多半结构及非结构化问题,需要地理信息系统和决策支持系统的共同作用。本文从九个方面对我国当前土地利用规划决策支持新趋势进行了探讨。     

企业组织变革中的冲突管理研究

中国的企业面临前所未有的复杂的市场环境。组织重组,组织流程再造,公司股权体制改革……企业或多或少都在进行这样或那样的组织变革,在变革过程中,冲突的产生是不可避免的。对于变革中的冲突应该怎样进行有效的管理是关系到变革成败的重大问题。本文指出应该区分变革过程中的建设性冲突和破坏性冲突,并针对不同类型的冲突采用与之相适应的冲突管理方式。     

系统论视角下中国特色领导者素质研究

领导职能从属于管理系统,领导职能的发挥对整个管理系统良性发展有着重要的意义。领导者是否具备应有的素质就成为领导职能发挥的关键,进而影响和制约着整个管理系统。领导者应具备良好的政治素质、知识素质、能力素质和心理素质,不断拓展自身的素质和能力。     

REAL OPTIONS WITH COMPETITION AND REGIME SWITCHING

In this paper, we examine irreversible investment decisions in duopoly games with a variable economic climate. Integrating timing flexibility, competition, and changes in the economic environment in the form of a cash flow process with regime switching, the problem is formulated as a stopping‐time game under Stackelberg leader‐follower competition, in which both players determine their respective optimal market entry time. By extending the variational inequality approach, we solve for the free boundaries and obtain optimal investment strategies for each player. Despite the lack of regularity in the leader's obstacle and the cash flow regime uncertainty, the regime‐dependent optimal policies for both the leader and the follower are obtained. In addition, we perform comprehensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the properties of solutions and to gain insights into the implications of regime switching.     

Buchanan and public finance: The tennessee years

James Buchanan’s views on public finance have already been analyzed and they are quite well known, as are their origins and roots. However, nothing has ever been said about why Buchanan chose public finance in the first place. The first goal of this paper is to show that Buchanan had made this choice before arriving at Chicago. We show how Carlton C. Sims and Charles P. White influenced him. We also show, by analyzing Buchanan’s M.A. thesis, that he was not only interested in public finance but was also primarily concerned by ethical questions and defended a bureaucratic centralized solution to solve the problem he was discussing – how to share the benefits collected from a gasoline tax among Counties. This helps to understand that Buchanan did not choose to study public finance to learn how to fight government intervention. Quite the contrary: it was to legitimate it. Second, we also demonstrate that a lot of the ideas that will matter for Buchanan in his career – the importance of ethics and the principle of an equal treatment for equals, the need to link taxes to benefits, the importance to adapt the scale of provision of a public good to the type of public good – were already present in this first work.

     

Systemic justice and burnout: A multilevel model

With the aim of extending organisational justice research to embrace significant and enduring aspects of the workplace context, this study examines organisational culture and human resource management (HRM) as constitutive dimensions of systemic justice and relates them to employee health. Bridging organisational justice, HRM, organisational culture, and occupational health research, we advance and test a multilevel model relating systemic justice to burnout. Data collected from 60 organisations; 89 employee groups; and 1,976 employees provide support for the hypothesised relationships between justice‐oriented culture, in terms of organisational values and group culture, and justice‐oriented HRM. In turn, justice‐oriented HRM related directly to employee burnout and indirectly through employee perceived job control and supervisor social support.     

国际不对称税收竞争与FDI流动研究——兼议中美劳动力成本差异与美国减税下的应对策略

当前全球经济增长放缓,美国等发达国家竞相减税吸引外商直接投资.文章从劳动力成本、市场规模双重不对称的视角,构建了一个两国竞争FDI的理论模型,重点考察了两国均衡税收水平的差距.研究发现:市场规模相同时,劳动力成本较低国家的均衡税收较高;而劳动力成本、市场规模都不相同时,当且仅当劳动力成本较低国家的市场规模高于一定下限时,其均衡税收水平才高于另一国.以中美为例,本文利用2013～2018年两国相关数据的数值模拟分析也表明不对称税收竞争下的劳动力成本和市场规模因素解释了大部分FDI流动中两国税收差距的原因.介于此,在美国特朗普政府减税的挑战下,中国是否只能采用逐底型税收竞争策略,该研究提供了另外一种思路.     

On Education and Democratic Preferences

We make the point that preferences for democracy are positively correlated with level of education. This correlation is robust even after controlling for a range of personal characteristics, including country of residence, income, age, or using different definitions of preferences for democracy or using instrumental variables. Interestingly, the results hold across countries with different level of democracy. We use data from World Values Surveys and show that our results are consistent with a simple theoretical model in which education makes political accountability easier.