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81.
The paper reinterprets Schumpeter's views on the dynamic effects of taxation, as originally expressed in Crisis of the Tax State, from a Kaleckian perspective. In light of Schumpeter's rejection of Keynesian and Marshallian approaches to taxation, the
paper argues that a recently developed Kaleckian approach provides an appropriate basis from which to analyse the effects
on the business cycle of balanced changes in the structure of taxation. It is shown that, under certain shifting assumptions,
increases in the taxation of wages or profits will stimulate investment and attenuate the amplitude of the business cycle.
Ultimately, the shifting of taxes reduces to a conflict over income shares. The changing distribution of income in the United
Kingdom in recent years suggests that investment is likely to remain sluggish unless there is a significant reversal of income
shares. This may give rise to increasing economic and political tensions into the 21st century. 相似文献
82.
Anthony B. Atkinson 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2000,102(3):445-462
Public debate about the welfare state in OECD countries has emphasized the need for reform to meet a twofold set of shocks: budgetary pressure and a labour market shift against unskilled workers. The aim of the paper is to set out a framework for examining the implications of these shocks for the optimal scale of social transfers and, in particular, the impact on different societies, distinguishing a restricted welfare state, labelled "the United States" and a more extensive welfare state, labelled "Continental Europe". 相似文献
83.
Anthony G. Hopwood 《Accounting, Organizations and Society》2009,34(3-4):433-439
Introducing a discussion of some of the ways in which accounting and other calculative mechanisms are involved in environmental matters, the article focuses on a number of questions that emerge from accounting for carbon emission permits and corporate environmental reporting. Both are areas where there is already a need for more research and where that need will increase in the coming years. Identifying some of the interests and pressures that already influence approaches in the area, the case is made for the need for both critical and facilitative research. 相似文献
84.
Studies on the determinants of municipal bond ratings contain two conspicuous patterns: the use of financial accounting variables and the application of discriminant analysis to them. Over 70 different financial accounting variables have been specified, leading to different findings across the studies. In addition, discriminant analysis has been applied in these studies without correcting for violations of its underlying assumptions. Akaike's information criterion and Lachenbruch's U method are used to show how a probit model specified with economic base diversification, economic expansion, and fiscal management variables may be an improvement over the application of discriminant analysis to financial accounting variables in the determination of a triple A bond rating. 相似文献
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This article draws on two Irish case studies to examine the nature and outcomes of voluntary workplace partnership (WP), and the conditions affecting its durability. We found that WP delivered mutual gains for all stakeholders at Aughinish Alumina (AAL), which were quite equally divided. While WP delivered most gains for management at Waterford Crystal (WC), and some for the union, worker gains were less. The WC partnership broke down after 10 years, but the AAL partnership continues. Voluntarist mutual gains partnership is feasible, but success and durability depends on specific clusters of contextual conditions, notably management support, a quality‐focused competitive strategy, insulation from market pressures, union postures, vertically aligned bundles of mutual gains practices, institutional supports, emphasis on fairness, all party commitment to performance enhancement and capital‐intensive technology. Conditions supporting WP were stronger at AAL than WC. More generally, as supports for WP in Ireland are weaker than retardants, we conclude that few mutual gains partnerships will take root, and even fewer will endure. 相似文献
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Why is the West in‘becalmed stagnaion’— unable to overcome the obstacles to economic liberalisation? Has the social democratic dream turned sour? The electoral success of social democratic policies can be explained in its offer to let taxpayers have their cake and eat it, argues Anthony de Jasay, a former Oxford don and author of The State. He examines the potential domage to individual thrift, ambition and responsibility that such mistaken doctrines can induce. 相似文献