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991.
In this paper 6 classes of weak fuzzy transitivity have been considered in a real decision problem: 200 students were asked twice about their future graduation trip, first taking into account only destination, and second considering prices, too. Each group of students compared trips by pairs, where intensities of preference could be shown by 4 linguistic labels represented by numbers from 0 to 1. The results have been analyzed in order to determine the influence of the numbers of alternatives and inherent attributes of the alternatives (destination and money) on the fulfillment of the 6 properties of fuzzy transitivity.Received: 18 February 2002, Accepted: 16 June 2003, JEL Classification: C91The financial support of the Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Proyecto VA057/02) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I) (Proyecto BEC2001-2253) and ERDF are gratefully acknowledged.  相似文献   
992.
993.
    
In this paper, we analyze whether firms want to disclose their R&D knowledge for free in a mixed duopoly. We extend the paper by Poyago‐Theotoky (1999) on strategic R&D with endogenous spillovers by considering a mixed duopoly. We find that when spillovers of information are treated as endogenous the public firm fully discloses its information so long as R&D levels are chosen non‐cooperatively. The private firm does not disclose its information. This result holds if the private firm is foreign owned. We have extended the main model to consider the threat of entry faced by an incumbent public firm and whether it is privatized or not. We find that the public firm is not privatized and there is entry if the fixed entry cost is low enough.  相似文献   
994.
Quality & Quantity - The public and political debate about immigration now play a big role in all European elections, and there is a trend increasing an anti-immigrant sentiment that receives...  相似文献   
995.
In this paper we bring a novel approach to the theory of tournament rankings. We combine two different theories that are widely used to establish rankings of populations after a given tournament. First, we use the statistical approach of paired comparison analysis to define the performance of a player in a natural way. Then, we determine a ranking (and rating) of the players in the given tournament. Finally, we show, among other properties, that the new ranking method is the unique one satisfying a natural consistency requirement.  相似文献   
996.
997.
    
Ordinary least squares estimation of an impulse‐indicator coefficient is inconsistent, but its variance can be consistently estimated. Although the ratio of the inconsistent estimator to its standard error has a t‐distribution, that test is inconsistent: one solution is to form an index of indicators. We provide Monte Carlo evidence that including a plethora of indicators need not distort model selection, permitting the use of many dummies in a general‐to‐specific framework. Although White's (1980) heteroskedasticity test is incorrectly sized in that context, we suggest an easy alteration. Finally, a possible modification to impulse ‘intercept corrections’ is considered.  相似文献   
998.
    
This research addresses the study of the effect of regional factors in the development of eco‐innovations in the firm. We assume the hypothesis of regional heterogeneity, that is, geographical factors and the regional heterogeneity play an important role in determining the innovations in the firms. In this line, we will approach our study from the perspective of regional innovation systems (RISs). Therefore, our research question involves the evaluation of regional factors as determinants of eco‐innovation developing in the firm. To examine these questions, the PITEC database that covers the period 2011–2013 was used. Overall, 5,461 firms have been employed for the ordinal logit regression model. This research contributes to the studies of eco‐innovation, extending the investigation into drivers of eco‐innovation, and highlights the impact that RIS has on the eco‐innovative development in the firm. We find that regional interaction and regional characteristics are key elements for the development of eco‐innovation in firms. Thus, the density of companies in the region, the regional per capita income, and the existence of financing mechanisms are key elements for the eco‐innovative development in the firm.  相似文献   
999.
1000.
    
Several supervisory authorities and governmental working groups issued corporate governance best practice codes for listed companies during the nineties. In this paper, we used a unique database that allowed us to analyse the relationship between the level of compliance of the code of best practice issued by the Portuguese Securities Market Commission and the returns of the concerned companies. By using a multifactor model, one can conclude that there is a positive relationship between the compliance of some of these recommendations and the returns that were determined. The recommendations on the structure and functioning of the executive board deserve a special attention. However, globally, CMVM's code of best practice doesn't have a systematic effect on firm returns.  相似文献   
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