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51.
We study motives for executive stock option backdating, the practice of changing the grant dates of current options to dates in the past using hindsight. We find that smaller, younger and less profitable firms tend to be more heavily involved in backdating. These results are consistent with the retention hypothesis. In line with the incentive hypothesis, we find that backdating occurs more for options that are out‐of‐the‐money. We derive some evidence for the agency hypothesis, in the sense that backdating companies have a larger percentage of inside directors. However, contrary to this hypothesis, we conclude that backdating firms have better protection for minority shareholders compared to firms that do not backdate. 相似文献
52.
Journal of Business Ethics - The purpose of this article is to problematise a particular social transparency and disclosure regulation in the UK, that transcend national boundaries in order to... 相似文献
53.
Hang Cheng Ireena M Soleas Nicole C. Ferko Chris G. Cameron Joseph F. Amaral 《Journal of medical economics》2016,19(8):750-758
Objectives: Harmonic devices have become a world-wide standard for dissection and hemostasis in thyroidectomy. Numerous systematic reviews have reported superior operating times, blood loss, post-operative pain, length of stay, and overall safety outcomes. What has not been extensively evaluated in a robust manner is their economic impact. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hospital costs associated with open thyroidectomy using Harmonic devices compared with conventional techniques for hemostasis. Methods: A systematic review of Medline, Scopus, and CENTRAL was performed from January 1, 2000 to May 23, 2014 without language restrictions for randomized clinical trials comparing Harmonic surgical devices to conventional methods in thyroidectomy. The main outcome measure was total reported costs. Costs were pooled using the ratio of means and a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses assessed whether differences in patient and trial characteristics, healthcare setting, or choice of statistical model affected outcomes. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 476 participants had procedures performed with Harmonic devices and 478 with conventional monopolar electrosurgery and clamp, cut and tie techniques. Compared with conventional techniques, Harmonic devices reduced total reported costs by 10% (p?=?0.007), resulting in a $229?US dollars (USD) absolute reduction from mean baseline costs. Results remained relatively robust to additional sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that the Harmonic family of surgical devices is associated with a reduction in total reported costs in thyroidectomy compared with conventional techniques. A large portion of the overall savings derives from a reduction in operative costs. 相似文献
54.
55.
Celebrity has a powerful material presence in contemporary consumer culture but its surface aesthetic resonates with the promise of deeper meanings. This Marketplace Icon contribution speculates on the iconicity of celebrity from a spiritual perspective. The social value or authenticity of contemporary celebrity, and the social processes through which it emerges, are matters of debate amongst researchers and competing approaches include field theory, functionalism, and anthropologically inflected accounts of the latent need for ritual, myth and spiritual fulfillment evinced by celebrity “worship.” We focus on the latter area as a partial explanation of the phenomenon whereby so many consumers seem so enchanted by images of, and stories about, individuals with whom they, or we, often have little in common. We speculate that the powerful presence of celebrity in Western consumer culture to some extent reflects and exploits a latent need for myths of redemption through the iconic character of many, though by no means all, manifestations of celebrity consumption. 相似文献
56.
Chris Rojek 《Leisure Studies》2013,32(2):73-86
Although Veblen's theory of leisure is widely referenced today it is rarely discussed at length. This paper explores the continuing relevance of the theory. In particular it concentrates on the relation of the theory to consumer culture and the concept of leisure as a basic human need. The evolutionary aspects of Veblen's discussion, which are often neglected in secondary accounts, are given prominence. Veblen's theory is described as a contribution to the productivist tradition in leisure studies. The main features of this tradition and Veblen's place in it are examined. The productivist case is compared and contrasted with Huizinga's theory of play. Veblen's theory emerges as a flawed but vital instrument in exploring contemporary leisure forms. 相似文献
57.
Chris Oliver 《海外经济评论》2009,(22)
【美国《华尔街日报》5月25日】中国经济似乎正在丧失增长动力,一些经济领域在一度出现井喷式增长后,目前显现了增速放缓迹象,不过经济学家们说,现在就断言中国的经济复苏已经终止还为时尚早。 相似文献
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59.
Robin Naidoo Greg Stuart-Hill L. Chris Weaver Jo Tagg Anna Davis Andee Davidson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):321-335
There exist few quantitative assessments of the relationship between biodiversity per se and economic benefits at scales that are relevant for conservation. Similarly, the merits of Community-Based Natural Resource
Management programs for both wildlife and people are contested. Here, we harness two databases, on wildlife surveys and financial
benefits, to address these issues for communal conservancies in northwest Namibia. We use ordination methods to characterize
the diversity and stability of large wildlife assemblages on conservancies, and demonstrate that diversity (but not stability)
is an important explanator of conservancy financial benefits. Our results indicate that for this area of Namibia, biodiversity,
as represented by large wildlife assemblages, has an important, positive effect on the tangible financial benefits that people
derive from conservation programs. 相似文献
60.
This article explores the hypothesis that third parties are motivated to seek information about agents who have behaved unethically
in the past, even if the agent and available information are irrelevant to the third parties’ goals and interests. We explored
two possible motives for this information seeking behavior: deonance, or the motive to care about ethics and justice simply
for the sake of ethics and justice, and distrust-based threat monitoring. Participants in a consumer decision task were found
to seek out information about an agent who had behaved unethically even when the agent was explicitly excluded from the task;
there were no intentions to purchase from the agent; performance expectations for the agent’s product were low; the information
that could be sought was non-diagnostic, redundant or irrelevant to an ethical judgment; and alternatives in the market offered
as good or better value as the unethical agent. Critically, this information seeking took place even when the observer could
disengage from and was not vulnerable to the agent. The findings are discussed in terms of third party information seeking
and its effects on ethical behavior in the marketplace. 相似文献