Controlling in ?sterreichischen Familienunternehmen – dargestellt am Bundesland Ober?sterreich

Trotz der hohen volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung zeichnet sich das Controlling durch eine im Vergleich geringe Besch?ftigung mit dem Thema Familienunternehmen aus. Ausgehend von der Hypothese, dass Familienunternehmen in h?herem Ausma? sozio?konomische Ziele verfolgen und in geringerem Umfang Controlling-Instrumente einsetzen als Nicht-Familienunternehmen, werden die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung für die Region Ober?sterreich pr?sentiert. Als Ergebnis dieser Studie zeigt sich, dass die Ziele der befragten Familienunternehmen – abgesehen von der H?he der geforderten Eigenkapitalrenditen – kaum von jenen der Nicht-Familienunternehmen differieren. Andererseits ist bei Familienunternehmen ein hoher Professionalisierungsgrad im Bereich des Einsatzes von Controlling-Instrumenten erkennbar.     

Which country matters? Institutional development and foreign affiliate performance

This article investigates the effect of the level of institutional development of host countries on the level of and variation in foreign affiliate performance. Institutional development is defined as the extent to which the economic, political, and social institutions in a host country are developed and are favorable for foreign affiliates. A longitudinal analysis of over 30,000 foreign affiliate‐year cases that include 6,985 foreign affiliates in 38 host countries between 1996 and 2001 shows that foreign affiliate performance varies noticeably both across and within host countries. The results suggest that the level of institutional development, as determined by the Institutional Development Index (IDI), a new measurement developed in this study, has a strong negative curvilinear relationship with the variation in foreign affiliate performance and a negative effect on the level of foreign affiliate performance. The implications for future research, practice, and policymaking are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Online Information Search Strategies: A Focus On Flights and Accommodations

The problem of the research was to understand information search strategies that individuals utilized in online travel product purchases. Two products, flights and accommodations, were selected to examine each product's explanatory variables in online purchase behaviors. The results indicate online flight purchasers utilize direct information sources and focus on transactional attributes. Online accommodation purchasers utilize various types of sources; and they focus not only on transactional, but also informational and branding attributes. The study results support the constructive consumer choice processes theory and suggest some marketing tips for the airline and lodging industries.     

Analysis of Time Pressure and Value Perception: An Exploratory Study of Consumer Travel Fair

The consumer travel fair is a well-known vacation marketing event in Singapore. Travel product/package promotions at the Singapore travel fair are only available for 3 days. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time pressure and consumer value of travel fair products through their perceptions of scarcity, price, and quality. These constructs were examined using two types of mediation models. A random sample survey of 251 travel fair visitors were collected to verify the conceptual model proposed to integrate these constructs. The study found the mediated relationship between time pressure and consumer value was significant. Additionally, the signs for the total indirect effects were consistent with the proposed mediation models. The results are important from managerial and personal selling perspectives.     

Foreign and domestic multinational presence in the UK

The determinants of multinational presence in Uk manufacturing industry in 1979 are analysed. It is argued that maultinational presence may result from strategic interaction as well as other firm and industry characteristics. The determinants of both foreign and Uk multinational presence are estimated using a dataset that enables both types of multinational to be indentified. Results show an important effect of both scale and concentration on multinational presence.     

Group Purchasing Organizations,Monopsony, and Antitrust Policy

Group purchasing organizations (GPOs) consolidate the purchasing power of their members and negotiate contracts with input suppliers on their behalf. GPOs have received attention from the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission because of concerns over monopsony power and standardization of hospital production costs. GPOs have been criticized in the literature for their contracting practices, which may appear to be exclusionary, and their funding mechanism, which may lead to incentive incompatibility. We analyze these competitive concerns in turn. We find GPOs to be procompetitive and suggest an antitrust policy that preserves the benefits of GPO operations while protecting consumers from any competitive shortcomings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptation strategies to increase advertisement effectiveness in digital media

Personalization can break through the information clutter in digital media and increase advertising effectiveness. However, the term personalization refers to many different adaptation strategies, each of which lead to distinct functional requirements for adaptive advertising systems: additionally, these adaptation strategies can affect consumers in different ways. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate between them. To do so, we suggest the PERSIT matrix, which distinguishes between PERson-centric and SITuation-centric adaptation strategies. Studies in the field of digital-out-of-home advertising are structured using the six identified adaptation strategies for advertising. Furthermore, the PERSIT matrix supports users in making educated decisions by encouraging them to select an adaptation strategy that fits the desired advertising goals. The matrix establishes a common base of understanding between advertisers and system designers, allowing effective cross-domain communication.