农田生态系统碳足迹法:误区、改进与应用——兼析中国集约农作碳效率(续)

近10多年来,国内外农田生态系统碳足迹研究蓬勃开展并取得了某些成果。同时也存在着问题与误区,主要是碳流路径的短路和指标逻辑起点不一,导致研究结果的失真与扭曲。该文论述了全环式与半环式碳流路径的利弊,提出了改进3原则,对当前世界流行的5种指标体系进行比较、综合、筛选、补充与改进,初步形成了适合中国实际情况的包括碳流路径、指标体系及相应参数的碳足迹方法论,并通过1950年以来的全国性农田系统碳流分析和现代高效农田的案例加以验证和剖析,与当前流行的一些主流观点相悖,运用改进的碳足迹法进行的案例研究发现:(1)与多年生林木相似,农田上连年种植的一年生作物同样具有净固碳作用;(2)1952~2012年期间,随着农业集约化程度的不断提高,全国农田生态系统碳效率仍保持在正平衡状态;(3)尽管农田化合物大量投入,但在农田生态系统内增加的固碳量仍超过耗碳量,化学合成物在农田生态系统的合理应用也有减少温室气体的可能性。     

高校人力资本的价值计量和收益分配的实证分析

本文从人力资本价值计量和收益分配的角度出发，就如何调动高校教师的积极性，在对GC大学人力资本管理实例分析的基础上，设计了一套高校人力资本计量与激励模型，以充分调动高校教师的积极性，将会对高校人力资本的管理和提高办学效率具有重要参考价值。     

Firm turnover,restructuring and labour productivity in transition: the case of Poland

Many studies have found strong and positive relationship between per capita income and health care expenditure. These studies usually adopt the assumptions that (1) the relationships among the variables are constant; and/or (2) the supply-side market for health care could be treated by using standard demand functions models. To take into account of the supply side of health care, we use the demand and supply approach with the cointegration model to re-examine this issue. By using Taiwan health care expenditure data, our results show that the real income elasticity is smaller than unity and the health care expenditures are primarily for ‘curing’ rather than ‘caring’.     

领导愤怒表达如何影响员工创新过程投入——一个被调节的链式中介模型

基于EASI模型,结合情绪认知评价理论,构建中国组织情境下领导愤怒表达通过组织支持感与职场焦虑影响员工创新过程投入的链式中介模型,探讨正念的边界条件。研究结果表明：领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入具有负向影响;组织支持感和职场焦虑分别在领导愤怒表达对员工创新过程投入的负向影响中起中介作用及链式中介作用;员工正念通过缓和职场焦虑对创新过程投入的负向影响,进而调节组织支持感与职场焦虑的链式中介作用。该研究不仅有助于丰富领导愤怒情绪研究,也可为组织管理者完善情绪表达策略提供启发。     

我国城乡居民边际消费倾向的再估算

收入分配是否影响居民消费需求以及产生何种影响,取决于边际消费倾向是否同收入水平相关。文章基于可变参数的状态空间模型,实证估计了我国城乡居民在1978~2012年间的边际消费倾向,估算结果显示:我国城乡居民边际消费倾向在1978~2012年间与收入水平间呈现"倒U"型变动关系;但相比而言,农村居民边际消费倾向要低于同期城镇居民。     

The effect of travel purpose and self-image congruency on preference toward airline livery design and perceived service quality

This paper examines travelers’ preference for airline livery design, which is an important component of sensory experience for tourists. Based on surveys of both U.S. and South Korean respondents, this study finds that airline livery preference depends on travel purpose (i.e. business vs. vacation). Designs preferred by the two travel segments differ in terms of color tone, hue, line, and shape. Business traveler-preferred designs signal punctual, efficient, classy, and safe service; while vacation traveler-preferred designs elicit feelings of fun, friendly, and exotic service. It is also shown that travelers prefer airline livery that is congruent with their situational self-image, depending on the travel occasion at hand. In fact, self-image congruency of design is approximately half of the variance in airline livery preference. Finally, results show that self-image congruency also increases perceived service quality.     

When we are onstage,we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes

A growing body of literature has confirmed the deleterious effects of emotional labor on service employees. The study adds to it by investigating two hypothesized antecedents to emotional labor; affectivity and empathy which is conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct composed of emotional contagion and empathic concern. It also examines the impact of emotional labor on job satisfaction and exhaustion. The results confirmed a two-dimensional structure of emotional labor, emotive dissonance, and emotive effort. Hospitality employees with higher positive affect tend to experience less emotive dissonance while individuals with higher negative affect exert more effort to enact emotional labor. A positive relationship was found between emotional contagion and emotive dissonance, and emotive effort and job satisfaction. The results also suggested a negative relationship between emotive effort and emotional exhaustion. An unexpected negative relationship was found between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Managerial implications discuss training and acting techniques to more effectively manage employee emotional labor.     

跨国公司制造业R&D投资国别选择的实证研究——以美国跨国公司为例

本文以美国跨国公司为例,对跨国公司制造业海外R&D投资国别选择的影响因子进行了实证研究。结果表明,从世界范围看,跨国公司在东道国的FDI和东道国市场规模是影响跨国公司R&D投资的主要因子;仅就发展中国家而言,东道国市场规模并不影响跨国公司R&D投资;跨国公司的产业类别不同,其R&D投资国别选择的影响因子亦有差异。     

上海燃料油期货上市三周年回顾与我国石油期货市场展望

自2004年8月25日上市至2007年8月1日,上海期货交易所燃料油期货合约累计成交已达6.3亿吨,总成交金额为1.9万亿元.上海燃料油期货价格与新加坡燃料油现货价格、美国WTI原油期货价格的走势保持了较强的相关性,但并不完全跟踪国际市场,而是表现出一定的独立性,更多地反映了中国市场的供需关系,与黄埔燃料油现货价格保持了更强的相关性.上海燃料油期货市场经济功能逐步发挥:形成了反映中国市场的燃料油价格,形成了市场普遍认可的燃料油的"中国标准",推动石油仓储设施建设,提供套期保值规避价格风险的平台,规模化培养石油金融专业人才.在总结燃料油期货成功经验的基础上,上海期货交易所正在研究推出原油、成品油等石油期货品种,已经完成了原油、成品油期货市场运作模式、交易标的选择、合约设计、交易规则等主要的前期工作.     

Monetary policy of a small open economy in the world production chain

In the world production chain there is a small economy that outsources production to its upstream, sells intermediate goods to its downstream and consumes imported final goods. It is shown that in responding to shocks from demand for intermediate goods, from the wage rate in the upstream and from the currency exchange rate between the upstream and downstream countries, the monetary policy of the small country is insignificant in the sense that any attempt of changing its monetary stance to raise national welfare will be offset by the movements of exchange rates.