基于AHP-整数规划法的油料配送中心选址模型

油料配送中心选址对油料的保障效率有着重要的影响。影响油料配送中心选址的因素众多,文中首先选用层次分析法(AHP)法对这些影响因素进行处理,得到各个候选地址的权值。然后针对AHP方法无法解决条件约束问题,将AHP与整数规划方法相结合,提出了一种基于AHP-整数规划的油料配送中心选址模型。最后通过实例说明该模型能够有效解决油料配送中心选址问题。     

QUALITY DISCLOSURE AND COMPETITION*

We analyze costly quality disclosure with horizontally differentiated products under duopoly and a cartel, and characterize the effect of competition on disclosure and welfare. We show that expected disclosure is higher under a cartel than under duopoly, and the welfare comparison depends on the level of disclosure cost: when the disclosure cost is low, welfare is higher under a cartel than duopoly, but when the disclosure cost is high, welfare is higher under duopoly. In either market structure, disclosure is excessive in terms of total surplus, but insufficient in terms of consumer surplus.     

SOARING MINDS: THE FLIGHT OF ISRAEL'S ECONOMISTS

The brain drain issue used to revolve primarily around migration from developing to developed countries. In recent years, there is an accumulation of evidence that this is an issue that should interest developed countries as well. Recently published numbers by the European Commission and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development indicate a nonnegligible flow of European academics to American universities. This article provides the first case study conducted on the most massive out-migration of academics on record. At a time when Europe and other developed countries have begun to express concern about the phenomenon, the rate of academic emigration from Israel to the United States is already four to six times the European emigration rate. The particular focus here is on the area of economics, in which the exodus of younger academics from Israel coupled with a heightened retirement rate among the older academics has brought Israel's top economics departments—among the best in the world, until now—to the brink. Countries wanting to create conditions for fostering and nurturing the necessary productivity advances underlying economic growth must become aware of how far and how quickly an academic implosion can occur, if left unchecked. The findings brought forth here should help increase the level of this awareness. ( JEL A11, F22, H52, H83, I23, J31, J61, O15)     

Tests of a Deferred Tax Explanation of the Negative Association between the LIFO Reserve and Firm Value*

Guenther and Trombley (1994) and Jennings, Simko, and Thompson (1996) document a negative association between a firm's last-in, first-out (LIFO) reserve and the market value of its equity. In this paper, we test a deferred tax explanation of this negative association. Specifically, we argue that investors, conditional on adjusting inventory to as-if first-in, first-out (FIFO), estimate a firm's future LIFO liquidation tax burden as its LIFO reserve multiplied by the appropriate corporate tax rate and include this tax-adjusted LIFO reserve in the valuation of a LIFO firm's net assets. On the basis of this argument, the tax-adjusted LIFO reserve is in effect an estimate of an off-balance-sheet deferred tax liability and, as a result, we predict a negative association between the tax-adjusted LIFO reserve and market value of equity. We test our deferred tax explanation by estimating a valuation model in which a firm's market value of equity is expressed as a function of the firm's assets, liabilities, deferred tax liability, and tax-adjusted LIFO reserve; the model is estimated separately in years preceding and following the reduction of tax rates mandated by the US Tax Reform Act of 1986. Test results provide strong support for the deferred tax explanation of the negative association between a firm's LIFO reserve and the market value of its equity.     

网络地位、共享商业关系与大客户占比

与传统商业关系相比,日益复杂的现代商业网络使企业能够更好地拓展新客户关系,从而缓解过度依赖单一客户关系的商业风险.本文基于2009-2017年上市公司数据,考察了企业网络地位与结构对商业关系的影响,研究发现:与位于网络边缘地位的企业相比,核心企业更有可能利用网络优势来分散客户市场份额,但同时位于核心位置的商业伙伴也越难以被替代;基于客户-供应商网络的共享商业关系、商业搜寻效率均有助于企业进行商业关系分散化,这一作用当共享联系越为紧密、共享相似度越高时更为显著,但现有客户可替代性越低、商业关系持续时间越长会增大分散化难度;网络地位和结构从商业关系的集约边际和扩展边际影响着企业分散商业风险的能力.本文研究证实了现代商业网络有助于促进企业商业关系的分散化,以更为灵活地防范市场环境不确定性的经营风险.     

基于社群经济的“互联网+”生鲜农产品供应链C2B商业模式研究

文章以“互联网+”环境下社群经济对生鲜农产品供应链模式带来的变革和创新为切入点,深入分析了社群经济的产生与发展,进而提出了基于社群经济的“互联网+”生鲜农产品供应链C2B商业模式,并从价值主张、核心资源、运作流程以及盈利模式等四个方面对该商业模式进行了阐述。在此基础上,结合三类典型的应用案例分析了该商业模式的实际应用前景。最后从生鲜农产品供应链成员和政府部门等角度提出了实施该商业模式的对策建议。     

Large Stakes and Big Mistakes

Workers in a wide variety of jobs are paid based on performance, which is commonly seen as enhancing effort and productivity relative to non-contingent pay schemes. However, psychological research suggests that excessive rewards can, in some cases, result in a decline in performance. To test whether very high monetary rewards can decrease performance, we conducted a set of experiments in the U.S. and in India in which subjects worked on different tasks and received performance-contingent payments that varied in amount from small to very large relative to their typical levels of pay. With some important exceptions, very high reward levels had a detrimental effect on performance.     

Do Earnings Targets and Managerial Incentives Affect Sticky Costs?

This study explores motivations underlying managers’ resource adjustments. We focus on the impact of incentives to meet earnings targets on resource adjustments and the ensuing cost structures. We find that, when managers face incentives to avoid losses or earnings decreases, or to meet financial analysts’ earnings forecasts, they expedite downward adjustment of slack resources for sales decreases. These deliberate decisions lessen the degree of cost stickiness rather than induce cost stickiness. The results suggest that efforts to understand determinants of firms’ cost structures should be made in light of the managers’ motivations, particularly agency‐driven incentives underlying resource adjustment decisions.     

湖北荆门建设现代林业的SWOT分析及对策研究

根据湖北荆门的实际情况,对荆门建设现代林业进行了系统的SWOT分析,分析了荆门建设现代林业的优势和劣势、面临的机会和威胁,在此基础上,提出了生态建设产业化与产业建设生态化,构建完善的生态体系和发达的产业体系等相应的战略对策,希望为荆门现代林业建设提供决策依据.