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901.
The authors argue that it is possible to partly automate the process of abstract control of fairness of clauses in online consumer contracts. The authors present a theoretical and empirical argument for this claim, including a brief presentation of the software they have designed. This type of automation would not replace human lawyers but would assist them and make their work more effective and efficient. Policy makers should direct their attention to the potential of using algorithmic techniques in enforcing the law regarding unfair contractual terms, and to facilitating research on and ultimately implementing such technologies. 相似文献
902.
This paper focuses on variable selections for varying coefficient models when some covariates are measured with errors. We
present a bias-corrected variable selection procedure by combining basis function approximations with shrinkage estimations.
With appropriate selection of the tuning parameters, we establish the consistency of the variable selection procedure, and
derive the optimal convergence rate of the regularized estimators. A simulation study and a real data application are undertaken
to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed variable selection procedure. 相似文献
903.
Domenico De Stefano Giuseppe Giordano Maria Prosperina Vitale 《Quality and Quantity》2011,45(5):1091-1107
Scientific collaboration is a complex phenomenon that improves the sharing of competences and the production of new scientific
knowledge. Social Network Analysis is often used to describe the scientific collaboration patterns defined by co-authorship
relationships. Different phases of the analysis of collaboration are related to: data collection, network boundary setting,
relational data matrix definition, data analysis and interpretation of results. The aim of this paper is to point out some
issues that arise in these different phases, highlighting: (i) the use of local archives versus international bibliographic
databases; (ii) the use of different approaches for setting boundaries in a whole-network; (iii) the definition of a co-authorship
data matrix (binary and weighted ties) and (iv) the analysis and the interpretation of network measures for co-authorship
data. We discuss the different choices that can be made in these phases within an illustrative example on real data which
is referred to scientific collaboration among researchers affiliated to an academic institution. In particular, we compare
global and actor-level network measures computed from binary and weighted co-authorship networks in different disciplines. 相似文献
904.
905.
Candace C. Nelson William Shaw Michelle Robertson 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2016,28(4):209-223
There is a broad literature linking social support to health, which includes evidence that social support from supervisors is positively associated with worker health. In addition, once workers experience a health concern, supervisors may play a key role in supporting workers, keeping them on the job despite health issues. However, there are few studies that investigate the day-to-day strategies supervisors utilize to support their workers and help them stay on the job despite health concerns. The study presented in this paper addresses this gap. Thirty-two supervisors from three companies were interviewed about their experiences supporting and accommodating skilled workers during flare-ups of a health condition. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the text data and identify themes. Three key themes emerged from the data: 1) workplace policies provide the structure for mutual problem solving; 2) communication skills and existing relationships increase supervisor effectiveness; and 3) strategies were aimed at individual, interpersonal, and institutional supports. Supervisors regularly interact with workers to support and accommodate episodes of illness or pain. While supervisors employ novel and effective strategies, there is an opportunity to improve the range of strategies, better understand and utilize company policies, and facilitate appropriate communication about worker health concerns. 相似文献
906.
Gordon B. Schmidt 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2016,28(3):147-170
The current study examines the relationship between adult attachment style and both perceived psychological contract breach and affective organizational commitment in a sample of college students with employment experience. Attachment style is argued to be an individual difference factor that affects how an individual perceives organizational events based on theory and existing empirical research related to adult attachment style. Individuals with insecure attachment styles were predicted to perceive more psychological contract breach and have lower levels of affective organizational commitment. The results reveal that individuals with higher levels of preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles perceived higher levels of psychological contract breach, and preoccupied attachment style significantly and negatively relates to affective organizational commitment. The relationship between attachment style and psychological contract dimensions was stronger for relational than transactional contract dimensions. Evidence is also found that perceived psychological contract breach mediates the relationship between preoccupied attachment style and affective commitment. Future potential research directions are described. The implications of these findings for managerial practice is discussed. 相似文献
907.
This research explores the effects of securitization on the market’s perception of banks’ risk exposure between 2002 and 2007.
Our results show that, contrary to some prior evidence in the literature, securitizing banks actually had lower systematic
betas until 2007. We find no evidence of increasing idiosyncratic risk with securitization. We identify significant structural
break in 2007, when securitizing banks experienced jumps in both systematic and idiosyncratic risks. Finally, we confirm the
general belief that larger banks tend to have higher systematic risk and lower idiosyncratic risk because of diversification. 相似文献
908.
We reveal an interesting convex duality relationship between two problems: (a) minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin
when the rate of consumption is stochastic and the individual can invest in a Black–Scholes financial market; (b) a controller-and-stopper
problem, in which the controller controls the drift and volatility of a process in order to maximize a running reward based
on that process, and the stopper chooses the time to stop the running reward and pays the controller a final amount at that
time. Our primary goal is to show that the minimal probability of ruin, whose stochastic representation does not have a classical
form as does the utility maximization problem (i.e., the objective’s dependence on the initial values of the state variables
is implicit), is the unique classical solution of its Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, which is a non-linear boundary-value
problem. We establish our goal by exploiting the convex duality relationship between (a) and (b). 相似文献
909.
Co-monotonicity of optimal investments and the design of structured financial products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marc Oliver Rieger 《Finance and Stochastics》2011,15(1):27-55
We prove that, under very weak conditions, optimal financial products on complete markets are co-monotone with the reversed
state price density. Optimality is meant in the sense of the maximization of an arbitrary preference model, e.g., expected
utility theory or prospect theory. The proof is based on a result from transport theory. We apply the general result to specific
situations, in particular the case of a market described by the Capital Asset Pricing Model or the Black–Scholes model, where
we derive a generalization of the two-fund-separation theorem and give an extension to APT factor models and structured products
with several underlyings. We use our results to derive a new approach to optimization in wealth management, based on a direct
optimization of the return distribution of the portfolio. In particular, we show that optimal products can (essentially) be
written as monotonic functions of the market return. We provide existence and nonexistence results for optimal products in
this framework. Finally we apply our results to the study of bonus certificates, show that they are not optimal, and construct
a cheaper product yielding the same return distribution. 相似文献
910.
Ros McLellan Bill Nicholl 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2011,21(1):71-92
Creativity is acknowledged to be important for economic growth and as an everyday life-skill, however several influential
reports have suggested that education could do more to harness creative talent. Creative cognition literature suggests the
lack of creativity is at least partly the result of ‘fixation’ (difficulty in generating novel ideas due to imagination being
‘structured’ by existing knowledge). This paper focuses on the secondary (students aged 11–16 years) design and technology
(D&T) context in the UK. Here we examine whether teacher practice can contribute to fixation by focusing on one specific facet
of teacher practice in D&T; the use of product analysis to inform the generation of creative design ideas. Data is drawn from
the preliminary phase of a research and intervention project from interviews with D&T teachers (N = 14), students (N = 126) and lesson observations (N = 10) and an analysis of documents and student work. Product analysis is widely used at different points in design projects
but, as is shown, in all cases current practice can lead to fixation, as thinking is constrained down specific paths and tasks
are at best at procedural rather than comprehension level. The implications of these findings and tentative ways forward for
practitioners are discussed. 相似文献