Cost and technical change: Effects from bank deregulation

Banks were substantially deregulated during the 1980s. This altered the cost-minimizing mix between deposit interest payments and operating expenses (capital and labor for branch convenience and free deposit services). Measured bank output was relatively unaffected by these changes. The proportion of deposits receiving higher interest rates increased more rapidly than factor quantities were reduced, so unit deposit costs rose. Consumers benefited, but the measured net effects for banks were negative, averaging –0.8% to –1.4% a year in net technical change from 1977 to 1988. These influences were measured three different ways and for both equilibrium and disequilibrium factor input specifications. All three approaches—a standard time trend, a time-specific index, and shifts in cross-sectional cost functions—gave consistent results. The results were robust whether measured at the banking firm or branch office level or on the cost frontier.     

发言摘登

这次会议讨论的是一个很重要的题目──国企转型与企业文化构建。我们现在对企业文化的认识,如果同10年前相比,可以说是跨越了一个世纪。当时感觉企业文化是个新鲜东西,并不知道它有多大用途,好像很时髦,多数人对它的认识还是狭窄的、浮面的。10年后的今天,经过理论界的探索研究,特别是经过企业界的创新实践,使得我们对企业文化的认识有了很大的发展。中外企业文化杂志社利用庆祝创刊10周年的机会,组织大家共同研讨国企转型与企业文化构建,这个题目选得非常好。当前,企业文化在中国的需求,很重要的一点就是与国企转型联系在了一起。企业文化…     

Selected Economic Analysis at the Antitrust Division: The Year in Review

Of the many activitiesof the Antitrust Division of theU.S. Department of Justice, we havesummarized some that raise interestingeconomic issues. We describe recentimprovements in the methodology to beused in ``coordinated effects' analysisof mergers. We also discuss four casesbrought by the DOJ that raise issues ofmarket definition, the influence ofcommon partial ownership of competitors,and the effects of fringe suppliers inconstraining collusion by large firms.     

Reframing science and other local knowledge traditions

By recognizing science as a set of local practices it becomes possible to ‘decentre’ it and develop a framework within which all knowledge systems can be equitably compared. It is argued that all knowledge traditions are spatial in that they link people, sites and skills. In order to ensure the continued existence of the diversity of knowledge traditions rather than have them absorbed into the great imperialist archive we need to enable disparate knowledge traditions to work together through the creation of a third space in which the social organization of trust can be negotiated.     

应重视进料加工企业通过囤积进口原材料避税问题

问题的提出 现行对进料加工企业实行的“免抵退”税管理,大部分采用“购进法”计算,即无论有无出口,企业当期进口的免税原材料均全额纳入“免抵退”计算过程。那么,企业是如何避税的呢?为了便于说明,笔者举例予以说明 。 例 1 :境内某企业与境外母公司进行进料加工对口贸易。假     

种姓、阶级与地位——以南印喀拉拉邦为例

在印度宪法允诺一个"无种姓"社会五十多年后,种姓尚没有显示出任何要消失的迹象,但变化也确确实实地发生了。本文在南印喀拉拉邦的背景中探讨了这一变化的一些方面。基于田野调查材料,本文指出,在相互依赖的种姓体系已不复存在的今日喀拉拉,种姓等级价值已从公共领域退却,但并未就此消失,种姓歧视仍在个人的层面存在。家庭地位坐标系显示出浓厚的中产阶级特征,但社群背景并未完全失去意义。种姓内婚制不仅再生产种姓身份,也是种姓等级价值的隐居之处,这使种姓还不能等同于族群,尽管后者可能是它的方向。     

浅论如何防治外墙抹灰中裂缝现象

分析了外墙抹灰基体和基层裂缝产生的原因,从设计和施工的角度提出了相应的防治措施,以满足建筑物的外观和工程质量验收的要求.