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狄骥思想之德式解读

在迪特·格林看来,狄骥核心思想在于对法兰西第三共和国中后期主流的法秩序概念和法学方法进行了彻底批判,认为其所处时代的法学尚停留在形而上学阶段。在对"法律"和"立法"严格区分的基础上,狄骥将法律中唯意志主义的所有形式剔除而凸显"客观法"。"社会连带之事实"在整个狄氏思想脉络中成为其解释"客观法"内容之依据,并因此着力摒弃大革命法秩序核心观念:如"主权"自由"与"主观权利"。迪特·格林认为狄骥学说全部目的在于使得政治权力及个人意志均遵循客观法,使用"公共服务"概念摒弃"公共权力"并试图以全新的方式定义"国家"     

On the evolutionary selection of sets of Nash equilibria

It is well established for evolutionary dynamics in asymmetric games that a pure strategy combination is asymptotically stable if and only if it is a strict Nash equilibrium. We use an extension of the notion of a strict Nash equilibrium to sets of strategy combinations called ‘strict equilibrium set’ and show the following. For a large class of evolutionary dynamics, including all monotone regular selection dynamics, every asymptotically stable set of rest points that contains a pure strategy combination in each of its connected components is a strict equilibrium set. A converse statement holds for two-person games, for convex sets and for the standard replicator dynamic.     

Reconciling the Evidence on the Knowledge-capital Model

The knowledge‐capital model (KC model), described in Markusen (2002 ), encompasses both market size (horizontal) as well as factor endowment (vertical) explanations to why multinational production occurs. Although the KC model seems intuitively appealing the empirical support has, so far, been mixed and even confused. In this study we find strong, robust and consistent support for the KC model. In contrast to previous studies, our empirical specification is directly mapped from theory. We also use an enlarged dataset, where the data coverage is significantly improved. Our results also give estimated surfaces remarkably similar to theoretical simulations of the KC model. In addition, the results give important insights into why previous studies have yielded such diverse results.     

An analysis of the effect of the economic situation on modeling and forecasting the diffusion of wireless communications in Finland

In this paper, the diffusion of wireless communications in Finland is studied. The objectives are to find factors which have affected the diffusion process and to forecast the diffusion of wireless communications in Finland. The diffusion process is based on the epidemic diffusion theory. The data consists of annual wireless subscribers of networks based on Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standards in 1981-1998. The data is fitted into the logistic model by means of nonlinear least squares after writing two parameters of the logistic model as functions of certain variables. The results show that the economic situation has affected the relative growth rate, and that the wireless network coverage has affected the number of potential adopters. By extrapolating the logistic model, a forecast with a confidence interval of wireless communications subscriber rates in Finland is made. The forecast shows that the final penetration rate will be some 91.7% in 2009. The model predicts the actual figures of year 1999 very accurately. Finally, the time derivatives of the diffusion process are analyzed; they clarify the effect of economic situation on the diffusion.     

Do Employers Prefer Overqualified Graduates? A Field Experiment

We test whether employers prefer overqualified to adequately qualified job candidates. To this end, duos of fictitious applications by bachelor's and master's graduates are sent to real job openings with a bachelor's degree as a minimum requirement. For the overall sample, we find that overqualified master's graduates are 19 percent more likely to be directly invited for a job interview and 11 percent more likely to get any positive reaction. This relative advantage for overqualified workers is found to be higher for bottleneck occupations. Relative preferences also differ across employers within labor‐market segments.     

More than just a job: exploring the meanings of tourism work among Indigenous Sámi tourist entrepreneurs

In northern Sweden, the positive effects of tourism involvement by Sámi Indigenous people are mostly shown in terms of employment, yet at times have been shown to go beyond economic ones and include other equally important benefits. Only when all components are seen at the same time can we get a true understanding of tourism as a livelihood strategy. This paper uses a sustainable rural livelihoods approach to investigate the different roles and meanings of tourism among Sámi tourist entrepreneurs in northern Sweden. It does so using data from 13 semi-structured interviews with Sámi Indigenous tourist entrepreneurs. The results indicate that there are many goals and objectives tourism jobs serve among Sámi Indigenous people in the Swedish north. For example, the tourism business is at times seen as a more sustainable way of using reindeer. Tourism was also a way for Sámi to express themselves and keep certain traditions alive. Another leading conclusion relates to tourist entrepreneurs as cultural ambassadors for Sámi issues. By presenting factual information about Sámi people, challenging stereotypes and by making others aware of the many hardships reindeer herders face, Sámi tourist entrepreneurs attribute to their work meanings that are social, cultural and even political.