CARBON REDUCTION COSTS IN NEW ENGLAND'S POWER SECTOR

This paper examines the cost of reducing carbon emissions in New England's power sector. The analysis relies on detailed sectoral studies of costs and resource potentials for demand-side efficiency, cogeneration, renewables, and conventional resource options. Sectoral studies' results were integrated using a production-cost model to estimate the total cost and rate impacts of carbon reduction strategies relative to a business-as-usual forecast. To capture potential uncertainties, the analysis takes into account variations in capital costs, fuel prices, resource utilization levels, and base case retirements of existing power plants. Results show that New England's power sector can freeze carbon emissions at current levels or reduce carbon emissions while simultaneously decreasing customers' total electricity bills.     

Associational versus correlational research study design and data analysis

Scientific human psychology (SHP) is an international public enterprise responsible for promoting the optimization of humanity’s experienced quality of life by means of the various psychological crafts, such as parenting, teaching, supervising; winning a debate or election, achieving a good enough sale or purchase, benefitting oneself by threatening, taunting, seducing or by protecting oneself through avoiding, escaping, or counteracting threats, taunts, seduction, entrapment; meditating, praying, exercising. Etc. Optimizing their practice for achieving this requires a research methodology that most cost-effectively facilitates doing so and therefore requires centrally coordinated programmatic research devoted to fully enough dimensionally specifying each of these crafts and their effects and to validly measuring on all these dimensions. Linear model (covariational) statistics presume too much about how causes and effects are inter-related to rely on for adequately informing such research, so SHP needs a less presumptive and more data sensitive form of study design and data analysis, the associational model.     

Bidding behavior in the longer term refinancing operations of the European Central Bank: Evidence from a panel sample selection model

This paper analyzes individual bidding data of the longer term refinancing operations (LTROs) of the European Central Bank. We investigate how banks’ bidding behavior is related to a series of exogenous variables including collateral costs, interest rate expectations, market volatility and to individual bank characteristics like country of origin, size, and experience. A specific feature of these auctions is that the number and composition of bidders varies over time. Therefore, we estimate panel sample selection models to control for a bank’s endogenous participation decision. We find that bidding strategies depend on the banks’ attributes. Yet, different bidding behavior generally does not translate into differences concerning bidder success. There is evidence for the winner’s curse effect in LTROs indicating a common value component in banks’ demand for longer term refinancing.     

Trade with developing countries and employment in the European Community

The opposition to a liberal stance on imports of manufactures from developing countries is growing as certain specific groups of products made in these countries prove increasingly competitive and the industrialized countries suffer from persistent high unemployment. Model computations for the six most important EC countries reveal however that the imports from developing countries have only a small impact on employment in these economies seen as a whole.     

North-South interdependence: The case of the Federal Republic of Germany

This study examines economic relations between West Germany and the developing countries in the fields of trade, capital flows and migration of labour. Activity in most fields has expanded enormously since the mid-1960s; in addition the traffic has become markedly less one-way. For the purposes of analysis the developing countries are differentiated according to their economic capacity; prospects for co-operation with West Germany appear to differ markedly according to their stage of development. So German development policy, for its part, needs to employ a variety of different strategies. The more highly developed the partner country, the more the field can be left to private initiative, supported by a liberal foreign trade regime.     

Ökonomische Kriterien und Aufteilungsschlüssel im horizontalen Finanzausgleich

Ohne ZusammenfassungFür die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts bin ich Herrn Ass. Dr. Christian Seidl, Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universität Wien, und Herrn Ass. Dr. Heinz Schäffer, Institut für Staatsrecht der Universität Wien, verbunden. Die Berechnung der Korrelationsmatrizen in Punkt 5 dieser Arbeit erfolgte auf der IBM 360 des Instituts für Statistik der Universität Wien (Herrn Ass. Dr. Leo Reisinger sei dafür gedankt).     

Marxian inequalities in a von Neumann setting

Conclusion We have shown, that even in a multi-sectoral model, admitting for joint production and heterogeneous labour, there exist some simple relations between the rates of profit, growth and surplus. These relations may be called Marxian Inequalities, because of its resemblance to certain assertions made by Marx. Especially, using these Marxian Inequalities, the Generalised Fundamental Marxian Theorem of Morishima was extended from homogeneous to heterogeneous labour.I wish to thank Y. Fujimori, H. D. Kurz and two anonymous referees for helpful comments.