The Economics of Soil Fertility Management in Malawi

We estimated a normalized translog yield-response model using African farm-household survey data to compare the yield of smallholder maize production under integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) and chemical-based soil fertility management. Controlling for other factors, maize yield responses were higher under ISFM. Results suggest ISFM practices would significantly improve the profitability of smallholder maize production, especially under escalating fertilizer prices.     

Versteckte Effekte

Effects of product placements on attitudes have rarely been the subject of scientific research so far. Furthermore, existing findings are partially contradictory??a fact that has been explained with the impact of intervening variables both on the side of the stimulus and of the recipient. Especially the design of the placement is said to have an influence on whether the intended effect shows up or not. In this context the prominence/salience of the placement is of importance. The following study is based on an experiment (n?=?221) testing how the prominence of placements affects the attitudes of recipients. For this, we measure attitudes not only by explicit questioning using a semantic differential, but also with the help of an implicit association test. In doing so we react to criticism of the methodological one-sidedness of past examinations of the effects of product placement, most of them solely relying on self-reports to measure attitudes. The experiment shows that the implicit measurement of attitudes uncovers effects that would have remained in the dark if only explicit questioning had occurred. The study also reveals that the presentation of subtle placements results in more positive brand attitudes; this relation is moderated by recipients?? programme assessment.     

Wirtschaft Online: Zweitverwertung oder publizistischer Mehrwert?

The present study analyzes the relevance and structure of business journalism in the internet aiming at a systematic analysis and evaluation of journalistic diversity in online business news coverage. Based on a multi-step procedure, 16 websites with high relevance for internet users were identified. In a subsequent communicator survey, the providers of these internet platforms were interviewed to derive insights into the structure and quality evaluation of online business journalism. Results indicate that internet-only business news coverage has not been able to establish itself yet. Further, the importance of traditional media brands for online communication could be confirmed. In spite of a judicial and organizational autonomy of the majority of the internet platforms, no provider generates his content independently of the umbrella brand. These facts may be attributed to limited personal manpower as well as differentiated and topic-oriented content recycling strategies aimed at the exclusivity of topics in general rather than content specific to certain channels.     

Themenzyklus der Kriegsberichterstattung – ein Phasenmodell

In this article, we analyse war coverage from a longitudinal perspective. In doing so, we refer to the classical issue cycle model, which has been discussed frequently in communication science. We adapt the model to war coverage and – according to the duration and the predictability of war events – we distinguish different types of news cycles. We assume that different stages of news coverage differ not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively with regard to the cited sources. The coverage on the war in Lebanon (2006) in the newspapers Süddeutsche Zeitung and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung serves as a case study for the empirical exploration of the suggested model. The coverage can be divided into four different phases, and the results show that it was mainly event-driven. In the peak phase of coverage, increased citations of actors participating in the conflict and of other media actors are observed, as well as generally the most diverse range of voices to be heard in the coverage.     

Are Production Decisions Decoupled under a Bond Scheme? Experimental Evidence

Experimental economics procedures were used to investigate impacts of a proposed bond scheme on production decisions. As expected, production with subsidy payments tied to a support price was substantially higher than with no policy. A shift from the support price to equivalent annual or lump-sum payments not tied to price resulted in production at or near no-policy levels, providing empirical evidence to support the theoretical prediction that bond schemes would not result in production distortions. Potential extensions to the basic model used in this study also are presented.     

Kulturelle Intelligenz, Distanz und Anpassung von Führungskräften im Ausland.

The cultural adjustment of expatriates is argued to have a central impact on the success of foreign assignments. In consequence, drivers of cultural adjustment are of practical as well as theoretical significance. This paper examines the role of cultural intelligence (CQ) for the cultural adjustment of expatriates. The subsequent study uses data from managers on foreign assignments in Singapore. Furthermore, the study analyzes the moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between CQ and cultural adjustment. Findings are that different CQ-dimensions influence the dimensions of cultural adjustment to different degrees. In addition, an unexpected moderating effect of cultural distance on the relationship between the metacognitive CQ-dimension and general adjustment is identified. The results provide implications for the field of international HRM. The study particularly supports the underlying assumption of the paper that CQ should be considered in staffing decisions for foreign assignments. From a theoretical perspective, the study provides empirical support for three of the four constructs of the CQ-dimensions.     

Educational Financing and Lifetime Earnings

This paper formulates and estimates a dynamic programming model of optimal educational financing decisions. The main purpose of the paper is to measure the effect of short-term parental cash transfers, received during school, on educational borrowing and in-school work decisions, and on post-graduation lifetime earnings. The estimated parameters of the model imply that parental cash transfers do not significantly influence post-graduation lifetime earnings. Long-term factors such as family background and prior human capital investments are more important. Parental cash transfers do, however, significantly determine the decision to borrow or work during school and the level of lifetime consumption.     

Coordination in global R&D organizations: An examination of the role of subsidiary mandate and modular product architectures in dispersed R&D organizations

International research and development (R&D) operations require a significant amount of coordination between the headquarters and the subsidiaries in order to integrate the dispersed activities in one final product. This article explores what mechanisms multinational companies (MNCs) use to coordinate their overseas R&D units. Based on a multiple case study involving nine MNCs with overseas R&D subsidiaries of varying mandates, we find that R&D sites with high technology and/or market orientation tend to be coordinated by informal mechanisms while sites with little technology and/or market orientation tend to be coordinated by formal mechanisms. Furthermore, it appears that this relationship is strongly affected by the product’s architecture: while rather complex R&D activities are conducted at the systems level and at sites with high technology orientation, less complex R&D activities are conducted at the component level at sites with low technology and market orientation. Finally, the findings suggest that modular product architectures have a coordinating effect in global R&D activities which have the power to lower firms’ overall coordination effort. The findings bear important implications for the effective coordination of MNCs’ international R&D subsidiaries.