全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2679篇 |
免费 | 132篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 337篇 |
工业经济 | 89篇 |
计划管理 | 600篇 |
经济学 | 835篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
运输经济 | 72篇 |
旅游经济 | 67篇 |
贸易经济 | 571篇 |
农业经济 | 80篇 |
经济概况 | 131篇 |
邮电经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 99篇 |
2019年 | 126篇 |
2018年 | 222篇 |
2017年 | 253篇 |
2016年 | 194篇 |
2015年 | 96篇 |
2014年 | 148篇 |
2013年 | 520篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 86篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 80篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2811条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
21.
Over the last decade, the public sector in Mexico experienced substantial fiscal reform, divestiture of public enterprises,
and the elimination of many regulations affecting pay and employment. This study analyzes the changes in the public/private
sector differences in wages during the 1987–1997 period. The results from analyzing microdata from the Encuesta Nacional de
Empleo Urbano show that relative public sector wages increased from 1987 to 1997. Most of the relative wage increase in the
public sector can be explained by increases in the price of skills and by changes in sorting across sectors. The results have
important public policy implications since they suggest that public sector workers earn more and their wages have grown faster
than those of their private sector counterparts. As such, policies contemplating public sector reform should take into account
the effect of these measures on the inter-sectoral income distribution and the overall economic growth.
First version received: April 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
22.
Björn S. Stefánsson 《Quality and Quantity》1995,29(4):433-438
The theme is Arrow's requirement in his theorem of 1951 on methods for group choice, that the choice be independent of irrelevant alternatives. The attention is drawn to (1) his own explanation of this requirement in 1972, which is a quite different understanding than has been discussed in the voluminous literature on the theorem, (2) that Arrow, in fact, in 1985 showed an understanding for how irrelevant alternatives might in a meaningful way influence the group choice, (3) that admittedly the border-line between irrelevant and relevant alternatives in Arrow's original statement is arbitrary, and (4) that Arrow, if he had observed the final thought in the origin of the group theory by Borda, which he admittedly did not, might have realized that Borda's method stringently estimates the relevance of each alternative for the result.The author expresses his surprise that a theoretical conclusion based on an arbitrary fundament has been admired so long. 相似文献
23.
The impressive and spontaneous build-up of the private small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic in 1990–93 coincided with the similarly dramatic changes in the public administration and in the whole environment for decision-making. The resulting problems of SMEs in the Czech Republic seem to be common to all economies in transition. A lot of the problems are caused by the macroeconomic policy for which this sector is not the most important part of the national economy. The paper shows some conflicts between macroeconomic anti-inflationary (monetary and fiscal) policies, and interests of small businesses. The authors stress the importance of SMEs during the period of transition. Informal aspects of the functioning of small firms are discussed, especially their relation with banks and public administration. The paper offers some empirical evidence and available statistics on SMEs developments during 1990–94 focusing particularly on manufacturing. 相似文献
24.
Tereza Tykvová 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2006,20(4):399-418
Empirical literature emphasizes a positive contribution of private equity investors, which results from their combined provision
of capital, monitoring, and management support. The aim of this study is to show that these previous results, which are based
mostly on the analysis of US independent closed-end private equity funds, cannot be generalized since the private equity industry
should not be treated as homogenous. We argue that it is necessary to distinguish between different types of private equity
providers because their differing governance structures, strategic goals and experiences have a decisive influence on their
value adding activities. The results of this study—which uses a data set of 179 German private equity-backed companies—are
consistent with the conjecture that independent and corporate private equity providers tend to have a more pronounced role
in corporate governance and monitoring of the companies they finance, than bank-dependent and governmental funds which often
serve only as bridge investors.
相似文献
25.
Board of Directors and CSR in Banking: The Moderating Role of Bank Regulation and Investor Protection Strength 下载免费PDF全文
Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero Emma García‐Meca 《Australian Accounting Review》2018,28(3):428-445
This paper brings together research on boards of directors as the backbone of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the banking industry. The underlying idea is that some characteristics of bank boards, in particular independence and gender diversity, may impact the CSR commitments of banks. By making use of a sample of 159 banks in nine countries during the period 2004–2010, our empirical evidence suggests that banks with more independent directors and more female members on their boards incline toward socially responsible behaviour. Our results also suggest that institutional factors play a significant role in these effects. They show that in greater regulatory and stronger investor protection environments, board independence and gender diversity have more influence on the social behaviour of banks. 相似文献
26.
Pablo Piñero Martin Bruckner Hanspeter Wieland Eva Pongrácz Stefan Giljum 《Economic Systems Research》2019,31(2):206-227
A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the ‘value added-based responsibility’ allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that – due to their position in global value chains – certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers. 相似文献
27.
Review of Industrial Organization - We evaluate the Chilean law and enforcement record in the area of cartels. We identify the high probability of cartel detection, severe sanctions for detected... 相似文献
28.
There is widespread understanding that intellectual capital (IC), consisting of the valuable knowledge resources of an organization, is a key enabler of innovation activities; however, little is known about the more specific contingencies impacting the relationship between IC and innovation. Thus, this article examines firm technology level and innovation type as contingency variables. It was argued that because high-tech and low-tech firms differ in terms of several knowledge characteristics (complexity, tacitness and pace of renovation), it is likely that their innovation performance is supported by different combinations of IC components. Furthermore, differences between product/service and managerial innovation could also lead to changes in the degree of relevance of various IC components. To test these contingency hypotheses, a survey dataset collected from 180 Spanish companies is analysed using structural equation modelling. The results demonstrate that both firm's technology level and type of innovation affect how IC influences innovation performance. The findings contribute to a knowledge-based perspective on innovation and pave the way for a more context-sensitive and contingency-mindful approach to understanding innovation and knowledge-based value creation. 相似文献
29.
Recent legislation and court settlements in the United States allow merchants to use price discounts to steer customers to pay with means of payment that are less costly to merchants. We use transaction data to compute rough estimates of the expected net cost reduction by merchant type of giving debit card and cash price discounts. We find that steering consumers to debit and cash via simple price discounts reduces most merchants’ card processing cost; however, this reduction is small and may be insufficient to offset the increase in the cost of administering price menus that vary by payment instrument. 相似文献
30.
Juan Carlos Leiva Juan Antonio Rodríguez Alvarez Ricardo Monge González 《Contaduría y Administración》2017,62(2):670-682
The attraction of foreign direct investment seeks, among other things, to increase the productivity of local companies through knowledge spillovers. However, the empirical evidence in this regard is contradictory. One influential factor is the absorptive capacity of the local companies. This article analyzes the effect of the presence of former employees of multinational corporations as employees of local companies, on the absorptive capacity of said companies. The study was done in Costa Rica, a country known for its successful strategy in the subject matter. The data come from a survey applied to 1167 companies by the Observatorio Costarricense de las Pymes in 2011. It was found that the hiring of former employees of multinational corporations by local companies has a positive effect on the index of absorptive capacity of companies in all productive sectors. Specifically, this hiring of former employees increases the index of absorptive capacity by nine percentage points, with differences by sector and the size of the company. 相似文献