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51.
Gary V. Engelhardt 《Economics Letters》2011,113(3):237-240
I show empirically that state wage-payment laws, which forbid deductions from wages and salaries without the written permission of the employee, constituted a binding constraint on firms’ choices to adopt automatic enrollment in 401(k) plans prior to 2006. 相似文献
52.
Gary Davies 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(3):60-73
Financial data drawn from Marks and Spencer's archives and annual reports is used to identify five phases in the Company' sales growth. Early, rather erratic, growth, often through acquisition, gave way to a second phase of store development funded by the Company's floatation in the 1920s. Sales growth in the third phase came substanriveljl through an increase in store size. A fourth phase involved irnprovernerzts in labour and space productivity. The final and current phase of evolution emphasises divers(fication. The pattern of evolution is compared with two theories of retail change, the Wheel of Retailing and the Retail Accordion. Neither is compatible with the sustained growth exhibited, indeed both theories could be said to predict the failure of the Company's overall strategy. 相似文献
53.
Steve Lin William N. Riccardi Changjiang Wang Patrick E. Hopkins Gary Kabureck 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2019,36(2):588-628
One of the primary objectives of both adoption of IFRS and convergence between IFRS and U.S. GAAP is to increase financial statement comparability. Using a unique setting in Germany, we compare the effectiveness of these two approaches in achieving this desired outcome. Our empirical tests show that both adoption and convergence lead to an increase in comparability after the new enforcement regulation in 2005. However, difference‐in‐differences tests show that adoption does not lead to a significant incremental increase in comparability beyond convergence. The findings of this study should be of interest to regulators and standard setters as they assess alternative methods of aligning domestic standards with IFRS. 相似文献
54.
Gary Reich 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(3):177-197
Constitutional assemblies are a common feature of many democratic transitions. However, the goal of coordinating constitutional
choice would seem nearly impossible when assemblies are comprised of highly fragmented and volatile political parties. Building
on Knight’s bargaining model, this article argues that the main challenge to coordination in unstable party systems is the
procedural disequilibrium that results from incomplete information over breakdown payoffs. The likelihood of compromise in
such circumstances is a function of the ideologies that frame constitutional choice and inform coalition-building. Thus, unstable
party systems are not chaotic, although they may be deeply conflict-laden. These issues are illustrated empirically via the
Brazilian Constitution of 1988, which demonstrates the possibilities for a stable constitutional order emerging from a fragmented
and volatile party system.
相似文献
Gary ReichEmail: |
55.
This paper examines whether the CPI and real GDP for the US exhibit nonlinear reversion to trend as recently concluded by Beechey and Österholm [Beechey, M. and Österholm, P., 2008. Revisiting the uncertain unit root in GDP and CPI: testing for nonlinear trend reversion. Economics Letters 100, 221-223]. The wild bootstrap is used to correct for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in a nonlinear unit root test. The use of ‘wild bootstrapped’ critical values affects test conclusions in some cases. Results also are sensitive to the sample period examined. 相似文献
56.
Franchising has attracted the attention of retailing and entrepreneurship scholars in the past three decades, but evidence pertaining to how franchising affects financial performance is mixed and inconclusive. Thus, the question remains as to whether franchising firms exhibit better financial performance than non-franchising firms in the same industry. In order to find an answer to this question, our study compares the risk-adjusted financial performance of franchising versus non-franchising restaurant firms over the 1995–2008 interval, using five different performance measures: the Sharpe Ratio, the Treynor Ratio, the Jensen Index, the Sortino Ratio, and the Upside Potential Ratio. For each measure, the results revealed that franchising restaurant firms outperformed their non-franchising counterparts. Thus, we provide very robust evidence that franchising is superior on average in the restaurant industry, which can help explain the increasing popularity of franchising as a business form. 相似文献
57.
Gary Warnaby Andrew Alexander Dominic Medway 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(1):15-31
Despite rapid growth in the number of town centre management schemes in the UK there have been few attempts to consider this topic from an academic perspective. This article develops a typology of town centre management schemes, based upon a comprehensive review of existing literature. The criteria of organizational structure and resource origin are identified as primary influences in the initiation and development of such schemes. The article concludes by outlining a research agenda which considers both local governance and spatial and temporal themes in the initiation and development of town centre management. The analysis of such factors is vital to a fuller understanding of this area. 相似文献
58.
Gary S Tjaden 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(3):233-246
There are seven important characteristics of information age businesses which differ in a major way from traditional industrial age businesses. We should expect that managing this new type of business will require different management information, knowledge and skills. But what metrics precisely should an information age business manager watch and how should they be used? Two such metrics, structural effectiveness and knowledge productivity are proposed and discussed. In the information age business, effectiveness, a balance between doing things right (effciency) and doing the right things, is needed, The structural effectiveness metrirs called .complexity dynamicism and intergration reduce to quanitifiable terns the degree to which the structure of the business's work processes encourage or inhibit effective business operations. Knowleage must be treated as an independent driver of the information age business, in addition to the labor, capital and raw materials which drove industrial age businesses. Managers (and owners) must have a way of measuring how well the knowladge assets of a business are being utilized. The knowledge productivity metric measure this utilization in a way analogous to how managements nurturing of capital assets is measured (i.e. return on capital). 相似文献
59.
Gary W. Florkowski Randall S. Schuler 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(4):827-851
The globalization of business is making it increasingly important to understand how multinational enterprises (MNEs) can operate more effectively. Human resource management can be a critical determinant of corporate effectiveness, particularly as it plays out in the global arena. This article discusses how MNEs enhance their ability to utilize human resources and internal labour markets for competitive advantage through audits of the international human resource management (IHRM) function. A multidimensional auditing framework is developed and applied to the strategic aspects of IHRM in MNEs and international joint ventures. 相似文献
60.
This study investigated the possible effect of television program types on the recall performance of humorous television commercials. An experimental design was developed to test the relative performance of the same humorous and non-humorous ads in three different contextual environments—situation comedy, action/adventure, and documentary. The findings indicate that the recall performance of commercials and of the product or service promoted are both affected by the program environment within which the ads appear. 相似文献