A general qualitative technique for the comparison of economic structures

Quantitative methods normally do not fully exhaust nor sufficiently show the structural information contained in sets of data. Therefore the authors introduce a new general technique for analyzing structures which is based on qualitative methods. The proposed technique can be divided into several steps. First, the given structural information is prepared with the help of graph theoretical tools. Then the obtained results are condensed in several steps to manageable vectors (key values), the most important step being the construction of graph theoretical decay patterns. These strongly condensed data allow the use of statistical methods and offer the chance to compare even a large number of structures simultaneously. After having introduced the necessary theoretical tools, the authors then present the results of some empirical investigations which showed the usefulness of the proposed technique. Compared with the corresponding quantitative methods, the empirical investigations also showed that our technique is relatively robust with respect to short-comings in the primary material. This result opens up opportunities for obtaining more actual yet costsaving structural information.     

Beeinflussung der Wirtschaftsstabilität durch monetäre Kräfte

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus dem Englischen übersetzt von Dr. K. Socher, Wien; Professor Haberler hat den deutschen Text seines Vortrages selbst durchgesehen.     

Das reale internationale Austauschverhältnis (Terms of Trade) und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus dem Englischen übersetzt von Vally Rothschild, Wien     

使用透明的规划对维修进行优化——论优化流程中维修规划系统的重要性

使用维修规划系统（MPS）就意味着工厂的维修业务比以往变得更加透明,而且有了更多的手段对维修业务进行更为有效地控制。这样做能提高工厂维修系统的可用性,并确保设备的性能处于最佳状态。     

Macht,Management und Verhaltensbiologie Grundzüge eines verhaltensorientierten Managements

Collective action is not conceivable without the exercising of power. Therefore, the issue of power is a central one with regard to the behaviour of individuals. There are four strategic alternatives for handling power — direct and indirect physical power strategies and political strategies in the form of altruistic and Machiavellian approaches. Protagonists primarily have two objectives in relation to power — to achieve power with the aim of occupying as high a rung in the hierarchical structure as possible and to administer or exercise power by leading social groups. Commensurate with the two different objectives, there are various optimal behavioural alternatives, i.e. the strategy mix differs according to the given objective. Leaders seem to be neurobiologically predisposed to handle power. This makes it easier for them to achieve power. However, it is probably more difficult for them to modify or adapt their behaviour when exercising their power. This leads to deficiencies in leadership and compromises the leader’s position. In organisations with a stable environment, groups have some limited scope for balancing out leadership deficiencies.     

Betriebswirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung von „New Economy-Unternehmen” in der Versicherungswirtschaft

While a whole set of ?new economy enterprises” in the insurance business were successfull, many of them left the market after a very short life span. What are the substantial conditions for the success of these enterprises? The answer to this analisis can be summarized in three aspects:

1. The business model should contain a sufficient information-economic transaction benefit.
2. The branding strategy should create in the sense of Informationssurrogates sufficient confidence and generate respectable traffic.
3. The supply of sufficient investment capital must be guaranteed during the entire starting period.

     

Monetary and Fiscal Policy-Makers in the European Economic and Monetary Union: Allies or Adversaries?

Optimal monetary and fiscal policies within the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) are determined by simulating a global model under alternative assumptions about the objective function of the European Central Bank (ECB) and about cooperation vs. non-cooperation between monetary and fiscal policy-makers and among the latter. The results show the high effectiveness of fixed rules in the presence of supply-side shocks and the usefulness of cooperative discretionary measures against demand-side shocks. More generally, cooperation among fiscal policy-makers in the EMU is nearly always superior to non-cooperative equilibrium solutions, yielding a strong case for the coordination of fiscal policies.     

Distribution-free confidence intervals

Summary  A general approach for converting a certain class of nonparametric tests into confidence intervals for suitably defined parameters is discussed. The class of tests comprises but is not limited to lineair rank tests for the one-sample, two-sample, and linear regression problems.