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151.
'Zones' are closely defined localities which have special status in terms of recent Government initiatives. This article begins by examining the early stages of the Education Action Zone (EAZ) initiative which was launched in 1998, and the policy context into which it fits. It offers a critique of the selection processes used in the first round of applications for EAZ status, and an account of LEA responses to the changes introduced for the second round of zones. The article concludes by identifying a series of tensions, problems and paradoxes which lie at the heart of the initiative-problems which may not have been solved by the revised application procedures. 相似文献
152.
Industrial organization theory has identified strategic investment in capacity as an important element in competition in oligopolistic markets. In the paper we specify a model of oligopolistic investment behaviour, and test it with panel data for 114 firms in 15 narrowly defined UK manufacturing industries in the 1970s and 1980s. The industries are distinguished according to their market characteristics as fragmented, dominant firm and dominant group sectors. The results indicate behaviour which is noncooperative in fragmented sectors, cooperative in dominant group sectors and competitive in dominant firm sectors. 相似文献
153.
In a second best environment, the optimal policy choice sometimes follows first best rules. This paper presents a formal general argument which allows to unify much of the literature. It lays down the information structure and separability assumptions under which the results hold in a variety of setups, with extensions to preference heterogeneity and individual production sets. 相似文献
154.
155.
Guy Blaise Nkamleu 《Revue africaine de developpement》2004,16(1):203-222
Abstract: The paper examines the economic performance of a large number of African countries using an international comparable data set and the latest technique for analysis. The paper focuses on growth in total factor productivity and its decomposition into technical change and efficiency change components. The analysis is undertaken using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The present study uses data of 16 countries over the period 1970–2001. It was found that, globally, during that period, total factor productivity has experienced a positive evolution in sampled countries. This good performance of the agricultural sector was due to good progress in technical efficiency rather than technical progress. The region suffered a regression in productivity in the 1970s, and made some progress during the 1980s and 1990s. The study also highlights the fact that technical change has been the main constraint of achievement of high levels of total factor productivity during the reference period in sub‐Saharan Africa. Contrariwise, in Maghreb countries, technological change has been the main driving force of productivity growth. Finally, the results indicate that institutional factors as well as agro‐ecological factors are important determinants of agricultural productivity growth. 相似文献
156.
157.
Guy Meunier 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(3):347-364
The present paper analyzes the efficiency of emission permit trading between two imperfectly competitive product markets.
Even if firms are price takers in permit markets, the integration of permit markets can decrease welfare because of imperfect
competition in product markets. If there is asymmetric information between the regulator and firms, the integration of the
permit markets could have a positive effect related to the flexibility of an integrated market; this flexibility can justify
integrating the permit markets. 相似文献
158.
159.
In this paper we provide an overview of empirical data relating to the use, scale and cost of executive options schemes in Australia. Our data is based on a sample of 100 large listed Australian corporations. Our data suggests that approximately 80% of large listed corporations in Australia presently employ executive options schemes, but that the size and cost of these schemes reduced significantly after 2000. We argue that this reflects the impact of increased public scrutiny over options schemes and the impending move in Australia towards a financial reporting regime in which treating the cost of options as an expense for the purposes of calculating annual profit and loss is mandatory. 相似文献
160.
Measuring physical access to ‘healthy foods’ in areas of social deprivation: a case study in Cardiff
This paper examines some characteristics of ‘food deserts’– areas of social deprivation which have poor physical access to food shopping – in a large British city, Cardiff. The stereotype of the ‘food desert’ is critically examined, emphasizing the importance attached by residents of such areas to easy access to food shopping, especially in multiple supermarkets. The case study of Cardiff briefly discusses the identification of potential ‘food deserts’, and then examines the structures of ‘healthy food’ availability and prices in four areas of the city (two in the inner city, two in the outer city) where physical access to large multiple supermarkets is poor. The analysis shows that the local shops in these areas cannot compete generally with large supermarkets on either availability of items or their prices, but that the local shops in the inner city areas are rather more competitive than those in the outer areas. Implications for research and policy formulation are finally discussed. 相似文献