On the structure of the set of fixed price equilibria

Working in the framework suggested by Drèze, this paper studies the number of fixed price equilibria and their continuity with respect to the price system. In an exchange economy, the concept of a rationing scheme is introduced, which specifies how shortages are shared among agents. For given utility functions and a given rationing scheme, under standard assumptions, an existence theorem is recalled, and it is shown that the graph of the equilibrium correspondence, when prices and initial endowments vary, is a piecewise continuously differentiable manifold. Moreover, generically, the number of equilibria for an economy, at given prices, is finite and the set of equilibria varies continuously with the price system and the initial endowments.     

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Unpacking Union Density: Membership and Coverage in the Transformation of the Israeli IR System

To understand the transformation of the industrial relations (IR) system in Israel, we propose a four-group typology according to workers' membership in unions and coverage of collective agreements. Using this typology, and relying on various data sources, we estimate that in 2000 membership was 40 to 45 percent, and coverage was about 56 percent, down from 80 to 85 percent for both measures in 1981. The data also reveal the emerging differences among the four groups, including income differentials. Moreover, comparing workers' actual membership and coverage with their preferences suggests that the system has not yet reached equilibrium. The study demonstrates that only a four-group typology succeeds in surfacing the complex nature of union decline.     

The Relationship between the Canadian Treasury-Bill Rate and Expected Inflation in Canada and in the United States

This paper investigates the relationship between treasury-bill rates and expected inflation rates in Canada and in the United States during the 1953–75 period. The tests are based on quarterly data and use two inflation-interest-rate models in which expected real returns on treasury bills are assumed either to be constant or to follow a random walk. The study indicates that treasury-bill rates in Canada have provided good assessments of expected inflation in the United States rather than in Canada during the entire period under study. This result is consistent with empirical evidence about the predominant influence of American monetary policy and interest-rate trends on Canadian monetary policy and interest-rate policy, and with the evidence about the efficiency of the United States treasury-bill market during most of the period under study. Résumé Ce mémoire étudie la relation entre les taux des bons du Trésor et le taux attendu d'inflation au Canada et aux Etats-Unis entre 1953 et 1975. Les tests sont menés à partir de données trimestrielles. Ils utilisent deux modèles de rapport taux d'inflation taux d'intérět dans lesquels le rendement réel des bons du Trésor est supposé constant ou fluctue librement. L'étude indique que les bons du Trésor au Canada ont prévu adéquatement le taux d'inflation attendu aux Etats-Unis plutǒt qu'au Canada pendant toute la période à l'étude. Ces résultats correspondent à la preuve empirique de l'influence prédominante de la politique monétaire américaine et de la fluctuation des taux d'intérět sur la politique monétaire et les taux d'intérět du Canada. Ces résultats corroborent également l'efficacité prouvée du marché américain des bons du Trésor pendant presque toute la période à l'étude.     

Examining the effect of novelty seeking,satisfaction, and destination image on tourists’ return pattern: A two factor,non-linear latent growth model

With many destinations relying on repeat business, intention to revisit has become an important research topic. As revisit intention changes over time, this paper proposes the use of a latent growth curve to model the developmental trajectory of return behavior. The proposed model was tested in two steps in AMOS 16.0 using SEM methodologies to investigate the effects of novelty seeking, destination image and overall satisfaction levels across intent to revisit trajectories using data collected among French, English, and German travelers. Findings indicate that both novelty seeking and low satisfaction among travelers temper immediate intent to return. Conversely, a positive image of the destination enhances both immediate and future intentions to return.     

Assessing the effectiveness of fire prevention strategies

ABSTRACT

The authors examined the process of assessing the effectiveness of fire prevention within a Fire and Rescue Service in north west England, demonstrating how this was applied in practice. The approach to fire prevention strategy assessment included overall fire and rescue service performance, performance in relation to different population segments, cost per head performance, and multi-agency collaboration to support an effectiveness-based rather than outcomes-based performance assessment.     

Assessing the performance of the national park authorities: a case study of Northumberland National Park,England

Although the legislation for the designation of national parks in England dates back to the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949, it was not until 1997 that free-standing and independent national park authorities were established to help manage these landscapes. In 2014–15, the 10 English national park authorities were allocated £44.6 million from the Department for Food, the Environment and Rural Affairs to deliver their conservation and recreation purposes and their socio-economic duty. This paper discusses how the performance of the national park authorities has been assessed, using the Northumberland National Park Authority as a case study.