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101.
Using a maximum likelihood cointegration approach we find two long-run relationships between central government, local government, and private sector wages in Sweden. This means that there is one common trend for the three sectoral wages. Private sector wages are weakly exogenous for the estimation of the long-run relationships. This suggests that the private sector is the wage leader. Testing linear restrictions on the estimated cointegrating space, we reject stationarity for the three relative wages using likelihood ratio-tests. The hypotheses of homogeneity for the two cointegrating vectors, i.e., that wages do not diverge in the long run, is also rejected. 相似文献
102.
Previous mortgage prepayment and valuation models assume that two mortgage pools with the same observable characteristics should behave indistinguishably. However, even pools with apparently identical characteristics often exhibit markedly different prepayment behavior. The sources of this heterogeneity may be unobservable, but we can infer information about a pool from its prepayment behavior over time. This article develops a methodology for using this information to calculate pool-specific mortgage-backed security prices. Knowledge of these prices is important both for portfolio valuation and for determining the cheapest pool to deliver when selling mortgagebacked securities. We find that unobservable heterogeneity between mortgage pools is statistically significant, and that pool-specific prices, calculated for a sample of outwardly identical mortgage pools between 1983 and 1989, may differ greatly from any single representative price. 相似文献
103.
104.
Studying size and serial correlation effects, the authors examine why portfolios selected on the basis of standardized unexpected earnings (SUEs) exhibit excess returns. Results of the study indicate that the SUE effect and the size effect are independent anomalies; however, a more plausible explanation of the SUE effect may involve serial correlation of SUEs. The authors demonstrate that more than half of the post-announcement responses to current quarter earnings may actually be pre-announcement adjustments to next quarter's earnings. 相似文献
105.
The export sector of a small open economy is assumed to be a price-taking monopoly with increasing long-run average cost and positive profit. Under such conditions, demands for productive factors are shown to slope downward in the general equilibrium of an otherwise competitive economy. Comparative static effects of changing prices and factor endowments are weaker than with a competitive export sector. The comparative static effects involving monopoly profit and outputs are examined. 相似文献
106.
Henry C. Boyd III 《Marketing Letters》1995,6(3):211-220
This paper investigates how communication format and consumer personality impact processing and persuasion within a fear appeal context. By altering the sequence of threats and recommendations contained within a fear appeal, two format conditions were created: a balanced format (a repeating sequence of a single threat followed by a single recommendation) and a traditional format (multiple threats followed by multiple recommendations). Using the repression-sensitization scale, subjects were classified as either sensitizers (those who cope by extensive thought) or repressors (those who cope by avoidance or denial). Under a balanced format condition, sensitizers produced more support arguments and fewer counterarguments and reported greater behavioral intentions to comply with message recommendations. 相似文献
107.
Using benefit-cost analysis, this article evaluates potentialprograms for reducing iron deficiency anemia, one of the mostprevalent nutritional disorders. It discusses the origins andprevalence of anemia and reviews the literature on consequencesof anemia for work capacity, output, learning, and other variables.Costs and benefits are estimated for two types of programsmedicinalsupplementation and fortification of food with ironandfor three casesIndonesia, Kenya, and Mexico. Estimatesof benefits are calculated to include the value of additionalwork output in labor-surplus societies. Under a wide range of assumptions, the benefit-cost ratios arefound to be substantially greater than 1: for dietary fortificationratios ranged between 7 and 70 for the three illustrative countries;for dietary supplementation, the range was from 4 to 38 on themost reasonable set of assumptions. The study concludes thatfield trials should be carried out to see if the findings ofthis study are supported in particular cases. 相似文献
108.
Bribery is a frequently discussed problem in international business. This article looks at the problem from the North American and from the developing country perspective. It describes and analyses specific cases and highlights recurring patterns of behavior.The article is based on the experiences of the authors who have been promoting business in the developing world. In addition to ethical considerations involved with bribery there are some very practical reasons for not engaging in the practice. There are also real barriers to establishing the relationships necessary to avoid the practice yet continue doing business.
Henry W. Lane is Associate Professor of Organizational Behavior at the School of Business Administration, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. He is at present Director of the Centre for International Business Studies. His most important publication is: Managing Large Research and Development Programs (with Rodney Beddows and Paul R. Lawrence), (State University of New York Press, Albany, 1981).Donald G. Simpson is Associate Professor at the University of Western Ontario. He is at present Associate of the Centre for International Business Studies. He was formerly Associate Director of Social Sciences Division at the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada and Executive Director of the Office of International Programs, University of Western Ontario. 相似文献
109.
Henry Bienen 《World development》1984,12(7):661-691
This essay reviews images of urbanization that have been held by academics and activists, including revolutionary leaders. It examines the methodology and findings of case studies in Nigeria, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Kenya, Turkey, Malaysia and other countries with the aim of determining how well suited are our data and theories for assessing the relationship between urbanization and political stability. The review examines the following topics: migration; political participation and the urban poor; radical parties and urban violence; the ‘over-urbanization’ thesis; class and ethnicity. It especially evaluates the role of so-called ‘urban marginals’ in urban political life and concludes that the evidence is overwhelming that there is no widespread ‘culture of poverty’ or ‘culture of apathy’ among the urban poor indeveloping countries. 相似文献
110.