产品市场与金融市场的战略互动与经济增长

产品市场与金融市场作为信息集散和企业监控机制在功能上具有一定的替代性；同时，当事人在两个市场上的战略行动又会产生溢出效应，从而形成两个市场间的战略互补关系。两市场间的这种相互作用客观上弱化了各自的协调失灵问题。进一步引入不确定性，发现当事人知识的差异性也会导致专业分工，从而刺激具有不同专业知识的人采取有溢出效应的战略行动，结果导致了两市场之间的战略互补关系。这种不确定性引发的两市场战略互补对经济增长有重要影响，并且其中也有乘数效应。     

不动产税征收中的税基评估方法

开征不动产税的计划已经纳入了十六届三中全会<关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定>.征收不动产税对于公平税赋、增加国家税收和促进不动产的交易与开发,都具有重要的意义.但这样一项涉及国计民生、覆盖面极大的税赋,其税基价值评估时的低成本以及评估结果的公正性与合理性,都非常重要.本文为此介绍了国外不动产税基价值评估的具体程序与具体方法.     

收益波动模型及其在香港房地产评估中的应用

将市场比较法与收益法结合起来,可以得到一个新的收益波动模型.这样的模型又分两类:即直接资本化模型和报酬资本化率模型.在收益波动模型中,使用概率统计和价值函数可得出波动系数和状态系数,然后通过使用收益均值、收益标准差、对象状态系数、资本化率(投资收益率)、收益年期等五个基本变量来评估财产的价值.本文还介绍了使用此模型评估香港写字楼和住宅的两个实例.     

识别被粉饰的虚假会计报表

会计报表粉饰与识别是经久不衰的话题。不同的会计科目或报表项目有纷繁变化的粉饰方法．哪些识别手段可以有效地识别真伪，压缩水分呢？本期将分别介绍两种会计报表识别技术——粉饰动机推断识别法和财务指标异常变动识别法。通过定性与定量方法相结合．使银行的信贷业务人员掌握“辨伪存真”的会计报表识别技术。[编者按]     

Benefits of Downward Earnings Management and Political Connection: Evidence from Government Subsidy and Market Pricing

This paper examines the role of downward earnings management and political connection on the receipt of government subsidies and market pricing of subsidies. Using subsidies data hand-collected from Chinese listed firms over the period 2004–2014, the results show a significantly positive association between downward earnings management and the receipt of government subsidies. The results also reveal that a firm's political connection is conducive to securing subsidies for poor performers, but not for good performers. Market pricing analyses demonstrate that share markets value subsidies positively in general, but the effect is ameliorated in firms conducting downward earnings management. No discernible difference is found between the market pricing of subsidies received by firms with political connections and those without.     

Competitive pricing strategies in social networks

We study pricing strategies of competing firms selling heterogeneous products to consumers. Goods are substitutes and there are network externalities between neighboring consumers. In equilibrium, firms price discriminate based on the network positions and charge lower prices to more central consumers. We also show that, under some conditions, firms' equilibrium profits decrease when either the network becomes denser or network effects increase. In contrast, consumers always benefit from being more connected to each other. We determine the optimal network structure and compare uniform pricing and discriminatory pricing from the perspectives of firms and consumers.     

Carbon Disclosure,Financial Transparency,and Agency Cost: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Listed Companies

Given the constraints on carbon emissions due to their impact on global warming, carbon disclosure has become an important way to deliver signals to the market. We examine the benefits associated with carbon disclosure from the standpoint of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for China’s manufacturing industries from 2010 to 2014. We divide corporations into heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting groups in order to control the industry factor. Based on the Principal-Agent Theory, we empirically test the relationship between carbon disclosure and financial transparency, and we evaluate the effect of carbon disclosure on agency costs and operations. Our results highlight that carbon disclosure is negatively associated with agency costs. However, we do not find enough evidence to prove what role financial transparency plays in the relationship between carbon disclosure and agency cost. Therefore, the influence of financial transparency as a mechanism is not yet clear. This study provides a way to look at the intentions of firms that disclose carbon information, and it also enhances the literature on carbon disclosure and agency costs in China based on Chinese data.     

我国能耗监测管理现状及未来发展趋势

适应节能形势发展的新变化,能耗监测的内涵也正在逐步延伸。实践表明,建立有效的能耗监测管控体系,对于提高能效、推进节能减排作用明显。近年来我国能耗监测管理得到了不同程度的改善,但在管理理念、制度安排、技术创新、资金支持等方面还存在着较多问题。利用信息技术,建立能耗在线实时监测管理体系,将成为未来能耗监测的发展目标。适应这种发展要求,我国需要在计量设备基础管理、能耗监测考核制度、监测机构设置和人员培训、资金渠道等方面进行不断创新。     

行为经济学视角下的社会保障理论演进

社会保障系统通过社会与个体的风险共担，增进了个人、家庭和社会的福利水平，对就业、消费、投资均有显著影响。过去社会保障理论侧重信息约束和跨期决策下的机制设计，通过政府干预来实现有效的风险和成本共担，进而有效化解社会成员所面临的各种风险。但这些干预机制有可能会对就业等产生负面影响。近年来，行为与实验经济学开始进入社会保障理论的研究，新的理论试图从理性约束视角来理解社会保障系统的性质及其影响，并提出了全新的助推机制的设计理念与思路。迄今的研究发现，干预机制和助推机制各有千秋，通过合理的互补与替代，能够更好地实现社会保障系统的有效运行。     

双循环背景下"一带一路"沿线国家投资的协同效应

本文实证分析了"一带一路"倡议下中国企业赴"一带一路"沿线国家投资协同效应提升的效果与机制.研究发现,中国企业在"一带一路"倡议出台后去往沿线国家的跨国并购能够实现更高的并购绩效,其作用机制在于中国企业的并购提高了标的国经济效益,进而增加了沿线国家后续资本流入;同时,通过宏观制度环境的改善,缩小了两国的政治距离,标的国政府支持力度加大,降低了交易成本.通过异质性检验发现,创新性较强的并购双方、政治相关性与经济相关性更强的跨国并购更能受益于协同效应,获得并购绩效的提升.