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141.
Government Capital Formation: Explaining the Decline. —This paper examines whether various hypotheses put forward to explain the downward trends in government capital spending are supported by the data. Using panel data for 22 OECD countries for 1980–1992, various hypotheses are tested in a model. The authors find support for three hypotheses: (1) capital spending is reduced during periods of fiscal stringency, since this category of government spending is politically an easier target for cuts than other spending categories; (2) myopic governments will cut investment spending more than governments which have a longer policy horizon; (3) private investment influences government investment spending, because both types of investment are complementary. 相似文献
142.
Unlike the NYSE, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) does not adjust prices in the outstanding limit orders on ex-dividend days. We find that TSX ex-day stock price behavior differs from that on the NYSE in several key aspects. In each case, the TSX ex-day behavior is consistent with the lack of a limit order adjustment mechanism. Our findings confirm that market microstructure is an important factor that contributes to the observed Canadian ex-day price behavior. Our findings also resolve the puzzle of the relatively small ex-day price drop in Canada. 相似文献
143.
In the presence of means tested basic income for old age, households will tend to reduce precautionary savings to an inefficiently low level. We explore how this might serve as a justification for a compulsory public pension system. In a representative agent framework with two income types, compulsory savings are found to be Pareto-improving up to a point. Beyond that point, increases in contribution rates simply result in increasingly regressive (implicit) taxation. Similar results are found for pay-as-you-go pensions. On the basis of our model we argue that the introduction of a funded pension component may help the German pension system to cope with demographic change more efficiently. 相似文献
144.
This paper examines the distributional implications of inflation on top income shares in 14 advanced economies using data over the period 1920–2016. We use local projections to analyze how top income shares respond to an inflation shock, and panel regressions in which all variables are defined as 5-year averages to examine the impact of inflation on the position of the top-one-percent in the long run. Our findings suggest that inflation reduces the share of national income held by the top 1 percent. Furthermore, we find that inflation shocks and long-run inflation have similar effects on top income shares. 相似文献
145.
Using a panel fixed effects model for a large sample of countries covering 1975–2005, we test the hypothesis that income inequality caused by finance (financial development, financial liberalization and banking crises) is related to more income redistribution than inequality caused by other factors. Our results provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. We also find that the impact of inequality on redistribution is conditioned by ethno-linguistic fractionalization. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of several control variables suggested by previous studies. 相似文献
146.
In Europe, the future patenting of software-related inventions has been the subject of intensive discussions for some time, since there exists a strong dispute between the supporters of the U.S. practice of allowing patents in order to increase Europe's competitiveness and the opponents postulating negative impacts of patents on the software development process. This paper presents empirical results about the idiosyncrasies of the software development process and tests hypotheses on their impact on the likelihood of patents being obstacles for software dvelopment. The paper concludes with the identification of determinants for preferences concerning different possible patent regimes in the future. 相似文献
147.
Export performance of the Asian miracle economies: The role of innovation and product variety 下载免费PDF全文
James B. Ang Jakob B. Madsen Peter E. Robertson 《The Canadian journal of economics》2015,48(1):273-309
Traditional export models fall short of explaining the marked increase in exports of the Asian miracle economies in the post‐WWII period. A model showing that exports are driven by innovations, innovative competitiveness, demand and price competitiveness is estimated for China, India, Korea, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan over the period 1953–2010. The results demonstrate that innovation stocks and competitiveness are important determinants behind their success. Furthermore, innovation stocks and innovative competitiveness are shown to be less influential for export growth in China and India and their export booms have been fuelled by process rather than product innovation. 相似文献
148.
We extend Svensson's (1991b) analysis of the term structure of interest rate differentials in a target zone. First, the model includes a time-varying devaluation risk, and second, we analyse the term structure of interest differentials vis-a-vis Germany in five countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy and the Netherlands. In our sample, 1983–1993, we differentiate between stable and unstable periods. The findings for Denmark and the Netherlands, and for Belgium in the relatively stable period are broadly in line with Svensson's theory, whereas the other results are more in accordance with the model that allows for a time-varying devaluation risk.
(J.E.L. E43, F31). 相似文献
(J.E.L. E43, F31). 相似文献
149.
Jakob B. Madsen 《International Review of Applied Economics》1998,12(2):165-185
Using panel data for the OECD countries over the period 1960–93 this paper estimates the NAIRU, tests the restrictions implied by the NAIRU and estimates the extent to which the NAIRU is able to explain the low frequency movements in unemployment. The results indicate that the long-run restrictions imposed on the NAIRU are not satisfied for many countries and that the NAIRU is unable to account for the low frequency movements in unemployment. 相似文献
150.
This paper studies the impact of outsourcing on individual wages. In contrast to the standard approach in the literature,
we focus on domestic outsourcing as well as foreign outsourcing. We argue that if outsourcing is associated with specialization
gains arising from an increase in the division of labor, domestic outsourcing tends to increase wages for both unskilled and
skilled labor. We use a panel data set of workers in Danish manufacturing industries to show that domestic and foreign outsourcing
affect wages as predicted.
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