制度设计应遵循的原则和基本要求

制度设计应遵循普适性原则、效率原则、交易费用最小化原则、激励相容原则、和谐性原则及帕累托改进原则。制度设计要合理进行制度的资源配置,提高制度效益,同时要注重与意识形态和惯例相结合。制度有其生存的环境,不能简单地移植。制度变迁存在着路径依赖现象,因而初始制度设计至关重要。     

Understanding perpetual R&D races

This paper presents an experimental study of dynamic indefinite horizon R&D races with uncertainty and multiple prizes. The theoretical predictions are highly sensitive: small parameter changes determine if we should expect technological competition, and if so whether it is sustained, or if the market converges into one with entrenched leadership and lower aggregate R&D. The subjects’ strategies are far less sensitive. In most of the treatments, the R&D races tend to converge to entrenched leadership. We propose and apply a quantal response extension of Markov perfection that is qualitatively and largely quantitatively consistent with the experimental observations.     

House price dynamics: Evidence from Beijing

To study the house price dynamics in China, this paper extends the traditional life-cycle model by incorporating land supply, regime shifts and government regulation factors. The models are estimated with an error correction framework using quarterly data from 2000 to 2007 in Beijing. The conclusions are as follows. (1) There exits a stable co-integration relationship between house price and fundamentals; land supply and financial regimes are also important determinants of long-run equilibrium house prices. (2) Short-run dynamics depend on changes of fundamentals and the adjustment process of housing market. Land supply has a significant impact on house price fluctuations while demand factors such as user costs, income and residential mortgage loan have greater influences. The adjustment speed of real house prices to the long-run equilibrium has been reduced significantly since 2005 which means exogenous shocks can cause prolonged deviation of real house prices from the equilibrium level.     

我国妇女就业的问题与对策

一、我国妇女就业的现状 (一)女性就业率高 新中国的女性就业状况比旧中国有巨大进步。据1940年原国民政府统计局的局部调查,当时10岁以上女性人口中,有正当职业的在不同地区只占1％-10％。50年后,1990年,全国人口普查,妇女就业率上升到73％,其中城镇妇女就业率     

How many voters are needed for paradoxes?

Summary. This paper presents a general procedure for finding profiles with the minimum number of voters required for many important paradoxes. Borda's and Condorcet's classic examples are revisited as well as generalizations. Using Saari's procedure line, we obtain an upper bound for the minimum number of voters needed for a profile for which the Condorcet winner is not strictly top ranked for all weighted positional procedures. Also we give a simple upper bound on the minimum number of voters needed for a set of prescribed voting outcomes. In contrast to situations wherein small numbers of voters are needed, we consider paradoxes requiring arbitrarily large numbers of voters as well as large numbers of alternatives. Finally we indicate connections with statistical rank based tests. Received: April 18, 2001; revised version: May 25, 2001     

知识型员工的激励研究

知识型员工是知识经济背景下的概念,是企业的核心竞争力之一。知识型员工与非知识型员工有着截然不同的特点,相应的激励模式也存在较大的差异。传统的激励方式已不能完全适用。如何激励知识型员工高效地工作已成为企业关注的问题之一。     

Resource allocation in a general equilibrium model of production under uncertainty: The case of variable supply of labor

This paper examines the effects of a marginal change in uncertainty on resource allocation and factor rewards by relaxing the assumption of factor inelasticity. We demonstrate that integrating a variable labor supply into Batra's two-sector uncertainty model can mitigate or reverse many of the earlier results. Specifically, a marginal increase in uncertainty may trigger the resource to move from the certainty sector to the uncertainty sector in the presence of a backward-bending labor supply curve.     

The growth of urbanization in Ethiopia, 1966-1984

"This paper studies the growth and dynamics of urbanization in Ethiopia during the period 1966-1984. Despite its very low level of urbanization (10.6%), Ethiopia experienced rapid urban population growth of 4.8% per annum over the period. The urban growth was more rapid at the beginning (1966-70 = 6.6%) then slowed down to 4.23% in 1970-1984. There is highly uneven regional distribution of urbanization with the core urban region accommodating close to half the urban population; within regions, the majority of the urban population is concentrated in one or very few large urban areas." Data are from the preliminary results of the 1984 census, the two rounds of urban National Sample Surveys, and the Manpower and Housing Survey.     

我国风力发电项目投资风险评价——基于支持向量机模型

在分析我国风力发电项目投资风险并建立其评价指标体系的基础上,将支持向量机模型用于风力发电项目投资风险评价,全面衡量风力发电项目面临的经济风险、技术风险、政策风险等。支持向量机方法很好地解决了风力发电项目样本数据缺失、评价主观性问题。实证分析结果表明,利用支持向量机模型评价风力发电项目的投资风险,具有一定的适用性和准确性。