The Post-entry Performance of Cohorts of Export Starters in German Manufacturing Industries☆

This paper investigates four cohorts of firms from German manufacturing industries that started to export between 1998 and 2002, and follows them for five years after the start. Export starters are a rare species and small in Germany. Around 30–40% of those starters studied became continuous exporters. The share of total exports contributed by export starters of a cohort is tiny in the start year, and it remains so over the years that follow. Contrary to the market selection hypothesis, there is no evidence that productivity in the start year is systematically related to survival in the export market. There is no evidence of a negative impact of a smaller firm size in the start year on the chance of surviving in the export market. Starting with a higher share of exports in total sales, however, tends to increase the probability of continuing to export.     

When was the U.S. housing downturn predictable? A comparison of univariate forecasting methods

This paper uses three classes of univariate time series techniques (ARIMA type models, switching regression models, and state-space/structural time series models) to forecast, on an ex post basis, the downturn in U.S. housing prices starting around 2006. The performance of the techniques is compared within each class and across classes by out-of-sample forecasts for a number of different forecast points prior to and during the downturn. Most forecasting models are able to predict a downturn in future home prices by mid 2006. Some state-space models can predict an impending downturn as early as June 2005. State-space/structural time series models tend to produce the most accurate forecasts, although they are not necessarily the models with the best in-sample fit.     

另一只"看不见的手"——埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆与"多中心"理论

在"多中心"理论之前,社会上主要存在市场秩序和国家主权秩序.多中心的产生源于集体行动理论的局限性,它颠覆了公共财产只有交由中央权威机构管理或完全私有化后才能有效管理的传统观念.本文对当代公共选择学派和公共经济学的代表人物埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆的"多中心"理论做了解读,并从奥斯特罗姆个人学术研究经历出发,追溯多中心思想形成的全过程,最后就"多中心"理论的重要意义与发展方向做了展望.     

The synchronization club: classification of global economic groups by inequality

We find that, from 1970 to 2006, the GDPs of 181 countries are described by a log-normal with a power law tail before 1992, but by a kinked power law distribution after 1992. In the 15 years from 1992 to 2006, there are two obvious scale-free zones for annual GDPs, ranked from the largest to smallest. If the countries in each scaling region are regarded as a group, the world is divided into two groups, each with a roughly stable number of members. The power exponents of the two groups are different and hence lead to different inequalities. Therefore, the basis for classification is the macro-consistent inequality within each group. The wealth grows in a synchronous nonlinear manner within groups that have a stable wealth distribution and rank structure. If each group is considered as a club, we name it a ‘synchronization club’.     

Regional differences in a national culture and their effects on leadership effectiveness: A tale of two neighboring Chinese cities

We argue that regional differences in a large culture influence leadership effectiveness. Studying the differences and their consequences on leader–member exchange (LMX) and the employee performances in two neighboring Chinese cities, our empirical results show significant differences between group supervisors in Hong Kong and those in Shenzhen. Hong Kong supervisors apply the LMX technique more aggressively, and also more successfully than their Shenzhen counterparts in terms of improving employee performance and reducing turnover.     

Which Way is “Up” in Upgrading? Trajectories of Change in the Value Chain for South African Wine

Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis uses the concept of upgrading to highlight paths for developing country firms to “move up the value chain,” usually through the lenses of four categories—product, process, functional, and inter-sectoral upgrading. The implicit normative expectation is that these firms move toward producing higher value-added products and/or take on more sophisticated functions along a value chain. In this article, upgrading is approached more broadly as “reaching a better deal,” including a balance between rewards and risk. The case study of South African wine shows that better product quality, improved processes, and some functional upgrading have co-existed with processes of “downgrading,” higher risks, and limited rewards, especially in traditional export markets. A reflection on further conceptual development and directions for empirical research is also provided.     

全球经济滞胀风险成因及前景

当前全球通胀压力不断加大,从欧盟的情况来看,由于减碳力度加大,碳价及能源价格暴涨正在推动电价飙升,多国PPI突破10%,创近30年之最;从美国情况来看,政策刺激力度超过次贷危机,短期内需求扩张推升了通胀;从生产要素看,疫情下的供应链中断叠加油气价格暴涨,各国都面临要素成本上升的问题;从不可控因素看,极端天气变化导致全球食品价格大幅上涨。在通胀压力与日俱增的同时,全球经济在短暂修复后出现放缓的趋势,呈现出滞胀的特征。为了避免经济滞胀向中长期演化,需要加强国际政策合作。     

普惠金融距离视角下中国对“一带一路”OFDI的影响效应分析

普惠金融体系在"一带一路"中的完善与发展是"一带一路"倡议实现贸易畅通和资金融通的核心环节。基于此,采用2011-2018年"一带一路"51个沿线国家数据,测度沿线国家普惠金融发展水平及其与中国普惠金融发展水平的距离,并进一步考察普惠金融距离对中国向沿线国家对外直接投资的影响。结果表明:"一带一路"沿线国家普惠金融水平普遍较低,中国处于领先地位;普惠金融距离对中国向沿线国家对外直接投资具有明显不同的长短期效应;而就分层而言,中国对不同圈层国家对外直接投资的规模与流向受普惠金融距离影响效应存在显著差异。最后,依据实证结论,得出相关政策启示。     

基于ELES模型的长江经济带城镇居民消费结构研究

长江经济带作为关系国家发展全局的重大战略,人口规模和经济总量庞大,居民消费结构差异较大。故本文根据长江经济带城镇居民人均可支配收入和人均消费支出数据,利用ELES模型进行定量分析,发现长江经济带城镇居民生活水平高,但是整体边际消费倾向较低,并且医疗保健、交通通信、教育文化娱乐等服务型消费成为其居民消费新热点。