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71.
José Holguín-Veras Miguel Jaller Luk N. Van Wassenhove Noel Pérez Tricia Wachtendorf 《Journal of Operations Management》2012,30(7-8):494-506
Logistic activity can be thought of as a socio-technical process whereby a social network of individuals orchestrates a series of technical activities using supporting systems such as transportation and communications. To understand the functioning of the entire system requires proper consideration of all its components. We identify seven key components: the objectives being pursued, the origin of the commodity flows to be transported, knowledge of demand, the decision-making structure, periodicity and volume of logistic activities, and the state of the social networks and supporting systems. Based on our analysis of the differences between commercial and humanitarian logistics, we pinpoint research gaps that need to be filled to enhance both the efficiency of humanitarian logistics and the realism of the mathematical models designed to support it.We argue that humanitarian logistics is too broad a field to fit neatly into a single definition of operational conditions. At one end of the spectrum we find humanitarian logistic efforts of the kind conducted in long-term disaster recovery and humanitarian assistance, where operational efficiency – akin to commercial logistics – is a prime consideration. At the other, post-disaster humanitarian logistic operations involved in disaster response and short-term recovery activities represent a vastly different operational environment, often in chaotic settings where urgent needs, life-or-death decisions and scarce resources are the norm. The huge contrast between these operational environments requires that they be treated separately. 相似文献
72.
This paper provides an approach to the measurement of the “scale effects” in the allocative profit efficiency. To be specific, we evaluate the improvements of profit that can be accomplished by means of a change in the scale size, once technical efficiency is achieved. New decompositions of the allocative efficiency into a scale effect component and the corresponding residual mix effect component are derived. 相似文献
73.
74.
Compared to international trade relations relatively little is known about the role foreign direct investment linkages play
in the transmission of disturbances from one country to the next. Inspired by the microevidence on profit sharing within multinational
corporations and within industries, we investigate for six countries whether a cross-border rent-sharing phenomenon can be
identified at the macroeconomic level. The rent-sharing hypothesis implies that an increase in foreign profitability should
boost wages and/or employment in the domestic economy. We find corroborative evidence for Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands
and the United Kingdom. US labour market conditions, by contrast, are not affected by changes in profitability in other countries.
JEL no. E32, F23, F40, J23, J31 相似文献
75.
Migration Flows and Intra-Industry Trade Adjustments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper we analyse the link between trade and migration. Focusing on the experience of Spain, we relate a marginal index
of intra-industry trade to the stock of foreign workers—classified according to their country of origin and their situation
in the Spanish labour market. We focus on the possibility that existing networks of foreign workers and their connections
with their countries of origin could stimulate trade with the host country. Our results show a significant impact of the number
of immigrants with work permits on intra-industry trade adjustment. However, this impact being positive or negative depends
on whether foreign workers are employees or self-employed, the duration of the work permits and the type of job they occupy.
JEL no. F10, F14, F15, F22 相似文献
76.
José Alcalde 《Review of Economic Design》1994,1(1):275-287
Two stability concepts for one-sided matching markets are analyzed: Gale-Shapley stability and ξ-stability. The first one
applies best to markets where no status quo allocation is considered, whereas the second one is a solution to be used when
property rights are allowed. A common problem of existence is shared by both solution concepts. Hence, we study economic environments
where this problem does not exist, and present a family of agents’ preferences for which existence is guaranteed for both
Gale-Shapley stable and ξ-stable outcomes.
This work was finished while the author was visiting Duke University, whose hospitality is gratefully acknowledged. Swveral
discussions with Salvador Barberà, Hervé Moulin and Marilda Sotomayor and some advice by an anonymous referee were specially
useful. This work is partially supported by Grants PB 92-0590 and PB 93-0938 from the DGICYT, the Spanish Ministery of Educación
Ciencia, and the Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Econòmiques. 相似文献
77.
The dynamics of factors affecting the adoption of innovations 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Eric Waarts Yvonne M. van Everdingen Jos van HillegersbergAuthor vitae 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2002,19(6):412-423
An abundance of IT innovations are constantly struggling for market acceptance. Various models have been proposed in the literature in order to aid understanding of the principles behind the adoption of IT innovations, but most of them implicitly assume that the factors explaining adoption decisions do not change over time. This study challenges that assumption and adds to the existing literature by investigating the dynamics of the factors influencing adoption. Our general proposition is that the driving factors in adopting innovations will change as the diffusion of the innovation in the market progresses. A large-scale empirical study was carried out among medium-sized companies in a variety of European countries and industries concerning the adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The findings strongly indicate that the factors affecting late adoption of ERP differ significantly from the factors explaining early adoption. At early stages of the diffusion process adoption tends to be especially driven by a combination of internal strategic drives and attitudes of the firm together with external forces like industry competition and supplier activities. Later on, the mix of adoption stimulating factors seems to be focusing more on implementation issues such as the scalability of the system, the number of seats and the yearly available budget. The study leads to both new methodological insights and substantive conclusions that also have practical implications. 相似文献
78.
Imagine what an extra $100 billion a year could do for philanthropic and other nonprofit institutions. According to a new study, the nonprofit sector could free that amount--maybe even more--by making five changes in the way it operates. The study asked two central questions: Does the sector's money flow from its source to its ultimate use as efficiently and effectively as possible? If not, where are the big opportunities to increase social benefit? According to former senator Bill Bradley and McKinsey's Paul Jansen and Les Silverman, nonprofits could save roughly $25 billion a year by changing the way they raise funds. By distributing funds more quickly, they could put an extra $30 billion to work. Organizations could generate more than $60 billion a year by streamlining and restructuring the way in which they provide services and by reducing administrative costs. And they could free up even more money--an amount impossible to estimate--by better allocating funds among service providers. The authors admit that making those changes won't be easy. The nonprofit world, historically seen as a collection of locally focused charities, has become an enormous sector, but it lacks the managerial processes and incentives that help keep the for-profit world on track. And when the baby boomers start to retire in less than a decade, public budgets will be squeezed even more than they are today. If the nonprofit sector is to help the nation cope with the stresses ahead, it must become more efficient and challenge its traditional concepts of stewardship. 相似文献
79.
This paper analyses the relationship between the size of adjustment costs and the intensity of labor market flows. I argue that high adjustment costs inhibit adjustment to temporary shocks, leaving adjustment to long-lived shocks unchanged. Worker turnover is also reduced because of the negative impact that adjustment costs have on churning.Received: January 2002, Accepted: November 2002, JEL Classification:
J23, J63I am grateful to the FCT for funding this research (research grant Praxis/PCSH/C/CEG/13/96), and to Pedro Portugal, Daniel Hamermesh and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. I thank the Department of Statistics at the Ministry of Labor for providing the data. CETE is supported by the FCT. 相似文献
80.
Scholars have long debated whether leader's integrity affects managerial decision making with respect to social responsibility. In this paper, we propose a model in which transformational leadership mediates integrity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and examine the relationship between these concepts. A survey of 170 senior managers from 50 organizations was conducted. Results indicate that integrity is a predictor of transformational leadership behavior and that transformational leaders’ behaviors are linked to CSR practices. It was also found that leaders rated with higher integrity are engaged in CSR because they exhibit more transformational leadership behaviors. These findings add to the extant literature by demonstrating that integrity is important as transformational leaders engage more actively on ‘responsible’ behaviors. Practical implications call for an understanding among corporate leaders of the benefits of integrity and how it relates to transformational leadership. Organizations can improve their selection and leadership development processes by focusing on these two dimensions. 相似文献