基于扎根理论的西部物流集群中横向物流协同制约因素及作用机制研究——以五省市为例

物流集群是物流业降本增效的重要形式,本质是其内部相互竞争的企业之间的物流协同。但企业在开展协同活动时,却受到诸多制约因素的影响。文章通过对中国西部7个大型物流集群的管理方、企业代表以及相关的政府官员、专家、学者等进行半结构化深度访谈。借助扎根理论研究方法进行编码分析,构建出由“协同环境”“合作伙伴”“信任”“信息系统”四个主范畴共同构成的“横向物流协同制约因素”模型,并编织故事线,说明它们之间的逻辑关系。制约因素“作用机制”模型揭示了上述制约因素在计划、实施和评估阶段的内在联系与相互影响。在此基础上,针对性地提出相应对策与建议,以便消除阻力,推动协同,促进物流集群的发展和中国西部物流业的转型升级。     

Fiscal consolidation in Europe: has it worked?

The aim of this article is to shed some light on the issue of fiscal austerity within Europe. We focus specifically on the 2008Q1–2014Q4 period, and on the effect of shocks to government expenditure and taxes on unemployment, controlling for other macro factors. We find that expenditure contractions may be detrimental for employment.     

Technology transfer in Mexico: Past patterns and new problems related to the North American free trade agreement

As the Mexican economy prepares to transition from a relatively closed and protected market to a regionally integrated free market which is part of the proposed North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a change in its technology licensing environment will be needed to enable Mexican companies to compete for technology with firms from the other member countries of the NAFTA. This study identifies the national sources which have provided Mexico with technology and the Mexican industrial sectors which have been able to attract this technology in the 1980s. It further evaluates the current licensing environments in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.A. as well as in the Latin American Integration Association (LAIA). The study provides recommendations for changes to the Mexican licensing environment and proposes strategies for attracting technology to Mexican industry under the changed conditions which would be introduced by the NAFTA. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

国内外生活饮用水水质标准的现状与比对

介绍了我国饮用水标准的发展及现状,主要对卫生部2001年颁布的《生活饮用水卫生规范》进行了介绍.同时结合WHO的《饮用水水质准则》、EC的《饮用水水质指令》、USEPA的《美国饮用水水质标准》,比较分析了中外饮用水水质标准,从中找出我国目前饮用水水质标准存在的问题,在实施过程中遇到的障碍.最后对我国饮用水的水质标准体系的修改、如何有效实施提出了建议.     

高黎贡山赧亢森林资源利用与白眉长臂猿保护

通过对高黎贡山赧亢生境走廊带周边社区居民现场调查和半结构访谈,结合数据分析,得出生境走廊带周边社区居民基本现状(经济水平与来源、学历、职业、居住环境和年龄)与森林资源利用现状(利用类型、频率、地点和强度)的相关性与差异性、居民基本现状与对白眉长臂猿认知程度的差异性、森林资源利用现状与遭遇白眉长臂猿频率的相关性以及白眉长臂猿受人为干扰反应等。最后,对森林资源利用影响因素和白眉长臂猿的保护关键环节进行分析。     

Dini derivatives in optimization — Part I

This paper, published in two parts, is mainly concerned with general properties of Dini derivatives of functions of one and several variables and with some applications of this topic to the study of generalized convexity and generalized optimality conditions for mathematical programming problems.In part I the basic definitions and properties are given, with reference both to functions of one real variable and to functions of several real variables. In this part special attention is given to the restatement of the basic theorems of the classical analysis to nondifferentiable functions, in terms of Dini derivatives.In part II we use these derivatives in order to define some classes of nondifferentiable generalized convex functions and the class of generalized upper quasidifferentiable functions. This part concludes with the development of optimality conditions for a nonsmooth programming problem, expressed in terms of the tools prevously introduced.

---

Riassunto Il presente lavoro, pubblicato in due parti, riguarda le principali proprietà dei numeri derivati di Dini (o derivate direzioni di Dini), sia di funzioni di una variablile che di più variabili, nonché alcune loro applicazioni allo studio della convessità generalizzata ed a problemi di ottimizzazione vincolata.Nella prima parte del lavoro si forniscono le definizioni e le proprietà fondamentali dei numeri derivati di Dini e vengono riformulati alcuni classici teoremi dell'an alisi, con riferimento a funzioni non differenziabili.Nella seconda parte tali derivate direzionali vengono applicate nello studio di alcune classi di funzioni convesse generalizzate non differenziabili e nell'ottenimento di condizioni di ottimalità per problemi (non differenziabili) di programmazione matematica.

---

---

This research was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research and by the National Science Foundation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Arts (grant OTKA 354/86). The authors have shared their work as follows: Chapters 1 and 3 are attributed to the first author, whereas Chapters 2 and 4 are attributed to the second author. The Introduction and Chapter 5 is common.     

粉煤灰的综合利用现状与展望

介绍了国内外粉煤灰的综合利用现状，包括粉煤灰在建材、筑路、回填、农业、精细利用、烟气脱硫、污水处理、回收有用金属等领域的应用情况，并对粉煤灰今后的发展方向及趋势进行了探讨。     

中小企业在第三方物流中的行业和组织形式选择

第三方物流业是一个大中小企业可以共存竞争的产业，中小企业在第三方物流市场中存在生存和发展的可能性，但中小企业在第三方物流产业中要实现与大企业的竞争与共存，需要选择合适的行业，形成合理的产业组织形式，采取合理的竞争战略。     

Parametric estimation of inefficiency in cargo handling in Spanish ports

Port workers services have been usually heavily regulated and reserved exclusively for a special kind of workers, dockworkers, which seems to have been the cause of serious inefficiencies worldwide. During the eighties, law reforms have been introduced to solve this problem. In this paper we analyze and decompose efficiency in cargo handling operations in 19 Spanish ports from 1990 to 1998. The method chosen is that of the parametric estimation of both allocative and technical inefficiency using panel data and a quadratic cost function. Results show that although inefficiency has decreased overall, there has been over utilization of labor regarding capital, and technical inefficiency. This supports the need of further consideration of other aspects including competition.

Is FDI doing good? A golden rule for FDI ethics

Ethical and economic perspectives on foreign direct investment (FDI) often appear in opposing frameworks. To combat this antagonism, this research proposes a consolidation between foreign private wealth and general welfare in host countries. The first contribution of this study is to provide a comprehensive conceptual approach to the study of FDI ethics. The second key contribution is to present empirical analysis of the differential influence of the level of democratic rights on foreign employment, new projects, and FDI capital flows. Results suggest that FDI incentivizes general welfare in least developed countries with high degrees of volatility. Additionally, policymakers face a dilemma in which democracy and legal rights seem to be mutually incompatible with fostering foreign employment. Practitioners find a way to evaluate the ethical implications of international business activities. The study analyzes FDI data from 161 countries between 2003 and 2010 by means of the FDI gravity equation.