We model an accession country facing a Maastricht‐type inflation criterion that specifies an inflation ceiling. In addition to deciding whether or not to satisfy this criterion, the country must decide how much costly economic reform to undertake. If the country puts enough weight on the future that it can credibly meet the inflation criterion no matter what the ceiling is, then the inflation criterion benefits the country but lowers reform. If the country puts less weight on the future, then a criterion with a properly chosen inflation ceiling can increase reform. We derive the inflation ceilings that maximize the country's welfare and its reform. 相似文献
This study uses unit-record data on over 50,000 rural children, from the sixteen major states of India, to analyse the determinants of the risks of severe stunting and of being severely underweight. The importance of this study derives from the fact that the prevalence of under-nourishment in India is, even relative to other poor countries, shockingly high. The study focuses on the role of maternal literacy in reducing the risk of child malnourishment. It concludes that when the mother is literate, real benefits flow to children in terms of reduced risk; the same benefits, however, do not flow when the father, but not the mother, is literate. Literate mothers make more effective use of health-care institutions, like anganwadis and hospitals. Consequently, the benefits to children from expanding the supply of such institutions are greater when these institutions interact with mothers who are literate.
This paper examines the 205 insolvent thrifts that were resolved in 1988 and assesses the cost savings obtained by selling
179 of the institutions through assisted acquisitions rather than liquidating them. It is hypothesized that the cost savings
were determined by factors related both to the future viability of the acquired institution and the particulars of the deal
arranged by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. The added value by selling
a thrift is determined primarily by the level of core deposits obtained by the acquired thrift. However, the branch structure
and purchased mortgage-servicing rights should also add franchise value to the firm. In addition to these factors, the analysis
accounts for the tax benefits and other regulator forbearances associated with the deals. Other characteristics of the deals
are also considered. It is found that core deposits, tax benefits, purchased mortgage-servicing rights, average branch size,
and type of acquirer, as well as some other factors, were significant determinants of the cost savings obtained through selling
an institution rather than liquidating it. 相似文献