生产力的二维理论:要素生产力和协作生产力及其互动演化——兼论马克思主义经济学在当代的发展与借鉴

在马克思创立的政治经济学中,研究对象虽为生产关系,但也包含丰富内容的生产及其生产力理论.传统的生产力理论是一维的要素生产力理论,然而马克思的生产力理论实际是由要素生产力和协作生产力构成的二维理论体系.他在《资本论》中就是从这两个维度展开对生产及其生产力进行分析的.这一新的认识不仅恢复了其原意,更重要的是,它有利于为生产力的内生演变和发展提供新的理论解释,而且对于发展出一支独立的分支学科即马克思主义纯经济学,也具有十分重要的理论价值.     

农村土地承包经营权流转效率问题研究

针对土地承包经营权流转效率问题的新制度经济学与新古典主义经济学研究两种路径相互脱节的困境,土地承包经营权流转效率是由农村资源禀赋状况、农业生产宏观经济环境和农民生产行为共同决定的。农村土地制度演变是制度创新与资源配置双重合力推动的结果。     

扩孔理论在静压桩贯入过程中的应用研究

在静压桩贯入土体过程中,桩周及桩端土体的受力和变形是一个相互影响并且极为复杂的演变过程。对扩孔理论在桩周及桩端土体的应用研究成果进行了综述,总结了近年来扩孔理论在桩周及桩端土体应用的研究进展。通过实例分析,得出球孔理论应用在桩端土体过程中半径修正的必要性,并预测了静压桩贯入土体过程理论的发展趋势。     

基于职业导向的《理财综合实训》课程开发与教学探讨

根据我国金融理财行业现状及发展趋势分析,投资理财专业人才总体上处于供给小于需求的状况且人才质量较为欠缺。为此,开发一门基于职业导向的完全以学生实操为主的《理财综合实训》课程已成必然。可从整体设计思路、内容体系构建等方面对《理财综合实训》课程开发进行思考。     

电子商务的税收问题研究

随着互联网的普及,电子商务在全球迅猛发展,已成为推动中国经济发展、产业转型的重要力量.然而,电子商务所引发的税收问题也日益成为人们的焦点话题.通过对电子商务是否应该征税、电子商务对税收带来的机遇和挑战进行了分析,并结合电子商务在中国的征税现状提出了解决现阶段电子商务税收问题的对策建议.     

A maximum likelihood approach to estimating dynamic models with unobserved independent variables

A maximum likelihood method to estimate the parameters of dynamic models containing unobserved independent variables is proposed. The approach is to maximize the likelihood of the residuals produced by the recursive Kalman filter equations applied to the model in state-space form. A simulation study is presented comparing the proposed method to the instrumental variable approach. An example using real data is given which estimates models of the Permanent-Income Hypothesis.     

Models for which the MLE and the conditional MLE coincide

The MLE, CMLE and MMLE coincide in a linear regression model with fixed individual effects. In this case, there is no incidental parameters problem and the MLE is consistent. The equivalence of these estimators is important because CMLE=MLE implies both the consistency of the MLE and the efficiency of the CMLE. In general, we cannot expect to find a CMLE or MMLE, since there may be no fixed-dimension sufficient statistic for the effects, nor an appropriate transformation of the data whose distribution does not depend on the effects. However, we show that the MLE, CMLE and MMLE do coincide in systems of seemingly unrelated regressions and in systems of simultaneous equations. We establish this result for systems in which (exogenous) variables in addition to (or other than) the intercept may have coefficients which vary over individuals, provided that the set of such variables is the same in every equation.The financial support of the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.     

Using survey data to test market efficiency in the foreign exchange markets

The paper uses cointegration methods to test the market efficiency hypothesis (MEH) in the foreign exchange markets. Four exchange rates are considered-all relative to the US dollar: BP, DM, SF and JY. Survey data on expectations are used to see whether the violation of the MEH is due to expectational errors or risk premia. The results differ for the one-week ahead and the one-month ahead forecasts. With the weekly data we conclude that it is risk premia, and with the monthly data it is both expectational errors and risk premia that account for the violation of the MEH. Given the volatility of the exchange markets, it appears that forecasts over an extended period fail tests of rationality, but one-week ahead forecasts do not fail such tests.