An intellectual capital perspective of competitive advantage in nonprofit organisations

• Very little systematic research has focused on applying the concept of intellectual capital (IC) within the nonprofit context; particularly in the highly competitive nonprofit environment. Based on a review of the existing literature, this paper firstly contributes to filling this gap by building an argument that IC can be utilised as a competitive tool in nonprofit organisations (NPOs). Secondly, an IC conceptual framework is proposed that explicitly links the attainment of competitive advantage with positive outcomes for NPOs. Finally, the paper discusses how the IC conceptual framework can be effectively utilised to foster competitive advantage in the nonprofit sector.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态效率、生产性公共支出与结构效应

利用1979-2008年三次产业的数据和误差修正模型,本文估算了我国政府生产性公共支出与经济动态无效的长期关系,考察了政府生产性公共支出对三次产业的生产要素积累所产生的影响。研究发现:在结构效应为正的条件下,当期公共支出的增加能够影响资本和劳动在三次产业之间,以及三次产业内部不同行业之间的要素积累方式,起到改善经济结构、优化资源配置的作用;我国经济的投资拉动型增长方式及与之相伴随的公共品供给机制,通过"租金"创造机制诱导特定产业的发展,从而能够提升产业结构,促进资源和生产要素的优化配置,符合赶超型经济的目标要求。     

On the transaction values of land use rights in rural China

Land Use Rights (LURs) in China affect farmers’ productivity through investment incentives and the way land is allocated across households. LURs have implication and trade-offs between equity and growth. This paper examines how Chinese farmers might respond if the Chinese government made it legal for farmers to buy or sell LURs. Livelihood choices, labor substitution, market infrastructure, a lack of property right protections, entrepreneurship, bureaucracy, and political will are all influential factors that will determine whether such a program would work. The purpose of this paper is to examine the economics of transaction in LURs, estimate the value at which LURs could transact in equilibrium, and to analyze factors that would affect these price changes. We evaluate farmer’s intention to buy and sell LURs and how much they are willing to pay and receive for LURs.     

以AKIN标准评估克林霉素所致急性肾损伤27例临床研究

目的回顾性分析克林霉素导致急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特征、治疗及预后,旨在提高对克林霉素相关肾损害的认识。方法选取2008年8月~2012年11月昆明医科大学第一附属医院肾内科27例克林霉素治疗后出现AKI的患者进行分析。结果 20例(74.07%)接受血液净化治疗,7例(25.93%)患者接受口服透析治疗,出院后28天随访27例患者血清肌酐(SCr)均恢复正常。结论克林霉素导致肾脏损害的临床突出表现为恶心、呕吐、腰痛、腹痛、发作性肉眼血尿和少尿性AKI,罕见以往认为常见的发热、皮疹及嗜酸细胞增多等临床表现。约74%患者需要血液净化治疗,观察患者近期预后良好,远期肾功能需进一步观察。     

PLS路径模型在省域高校科技活动综合评价中的实证研究

对高校科技活动进行综合评价是科研管理的重要课题之一。基于PLS路径模型,建立各省高校科技活动综合评价指数,运用2007年的数据,对31个省的高校科技活动进行了综合评价。结果显示:"知识产权产出"和"投入"是对省域高校科技活动综合水平影响最大的两个因素,西部大多数省份高校的科技活动水平落后于中东部。     

Between Late-Industrialisation and Globalisation: The Hybridisation of Labour Relations among Leading South Korean Firms

South Korea's (hereinafter Korea) labour relations illuminate the possibilities for the ‘hybridisation’ of non-liberal capitalism under globalisation. Unlike the well-known German and Japanese advanced non-liberal capitalisms, Korea appeared to be far less conducive to ‘hybridisation’. First, inclusive labour practices were not well developed. Second, it had introduced comprehensive economic liberalisation following the financial crash of 1998. Despite these unfavourable conditions, leading Korean firms have tended to maintain or even introduce non-liberal practices than to discard them. The resulting melding of non-liberal and liberal practices (‘hybridisation’) can be traced to three legacies of late-industrialisation: state inclination to intervene during crises; countervailing power of labour at leading enterprises; and the intensity of big business rivalry as a force for the assimilation of inclusive practices. The effects of these legacies in generating mixed practices will be illustrated using firm-level case studies from Korea's two leading export sectors. It will also be argued that Korea's pattern of labour relations hybridity is not conducive to convergence with extant forms of advanced capitalism. Hence Korea is more suitably denoted as a form of late-industrialisation hybrid capitalism whose experience is relevant to other late-developers as they achieve ‘advanced’ status.     

关系治理与合作社成长——永得利蔬菜合作社案例研究

本文以辽宁西丰县永得利蔬菜合作社为例,刻画了植根于传统乡土社会的农民专业合作社是如何借助关系治理做大做强的。研究表明,永得利蔬菜合作社的顺利成长,不仅得益于合作社对关系契约的充分运用,而且得益于合作社对内部关系治理的逐步规范。依托乡村社会网络、积极参与社区事务、保障成员收入,从而提高社区农户对合作社的认可和"入社即获益"的可信性,稳步达成关系契约,是合作社成长的社会基础。在正式治理缺乏时,将社会关系引入合作社内部,并实施小集团差序治理,从而把关系治理适度地制度化,是合作社成长的组织保障。     

Price dispersion in a model of identical agents with perfect information

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that price dispersion is possible even in a world of perfect information and identical consumers and firms. The driving force in the model is service capacity and congestion cost. Each firm chooses a service capacity. Customers of a firm bear a congestion cost which, for a fixed service capacity, is an increasing function of the number of customers served by this firm. We demonstrate that under certain conditions the combined profit of two firms and the total surplus are higher in a price-dispersion equilibrium than in a single-price equilibrium.     

产业升级转型阶段的制造业生产效率比较研究——以江苏为例

本文以江苏省全部国有及规模以上制造业30个行业为研究对象,运用DEA分析法测算了30个行业的纯技术效率和规模效率,在此基础上运用Malmquist指数法测算了制造业全要素生产率、技术进步指数和技术效率指数,并从制造业整体层面,将江苏与上海、浙江、广东和山东四省市进行了对比分析。结论认为,江苏省制造行业技术效率和规模效率差异显著,多数行业不能同时达到技术与规模有效;其制造业全要素生产率的增长主要得益于技术进步和纯技术效率的影响,而规模效率产生负面影响;江苏省制造业整体技术效率相对其他四省市而言水平较低。作为制造业大省,江苏需加快行业技术进步,提高技术效率和规模效率,以促进制造业行业全要素生产率的提高。     

中国的工业生产力革命--用随机前沿生产模型对中国大中型工业企业全要素生产率增长的分解及分析

本文运用中国大中型工业企业 1 995— 2 0 0 2年期间的年度企业数据 ,系统地研究 3. 7个两位数工业行业的全要素生产率 (TFP)增长趋势 ,并用随机前沿生产模型 ,将生产率增长分解为前沿技术进步 (FTP)、相对前沿技术效率 (TE)的变化、配置效率 (AE)以及规模经济性 (SE)四大因素。主要结论 :(一 )TFP的行业加权年均增长率为 6. 8% ,并呈逐年上升的趋势 ;(二 )前沿技术进步已经成为TFP增长的最重要动力 ,企业因前沿技术进步平均每年提高全要素生产率高达 1 4个百分点 ;(三 )企业相对前沿的技术效率差距拉大 ,已经严重阻碍了TFP增长 ,导致TFP平均每年下降 7个百分点 ,这既是挑战 ,也是反映今后企业通过追赶先进技术提高生产力的潜力。 (四 )企业投入要素的配置效率对TFP增长几乎没有贡献 ,年均贡献仅为 0 . 0 2个百分点 ,而企业的规模经济性对TFP的贡献也仅为负 0 . 3 3个百分点 ,这与前沿技术进步和技术效率变化对TFP的影响相比都微不足道。分析表明 ,前沿技术进步一方面推动着生产力的快速增长 ,另一方面却加剧了企业间的技术效率差距 ,导致更激烈的市场竞争压力。世纪之交的中国最重要的工业企业正经历着一场以前沿技术进步及追赶先进企业为核心的生产力革命。