全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19617篇 |
免费 | 687篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3459篇 |
工业经济 | 1401篇 |
计划管理 | 3481篇 |
经济学 | 4640篇 |
综合类 | 338篇 |
运输经济 | 198篇 |
旅游经济 | 402篇 |
贸易经济 | 3647篇 |
农业经济 | 912篇 |
经济概况 | 1808篇 |
邮电经济 | 31篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 126篇 |
2022年 | 111篇 |
2021年 | 181篇 |
2020年 | 326篇 |
2019年 | 431篇 |
2018年 | 589篇 |
2017年 | 683篇 |
2016年 | 628篇 |
2015年 | 393篇 |
2014年 | 551篇 |
2013年 | 2360篇 |
2012年 | 623篇 |
2011年 | 638篇 |
2010年 | 619篇 |
2009年 | 631篇 |
2008年 | 648篇 |
2007年 | 608篇 |
2006年 | 484篇 |
2005年 | 471篇 |
2004年 | 440篇 |
2003年 | 445篇 |
2002年 | 419篇 |
2001年 | 389篇 |
2000年 | 390篇 |
1999年 | 341篇 |
1998年 | 342篇 |
1997年 | 339篇 |
1996年 | 318篇 |
1995年 | 298篇 |
1994年 | 268篇 |
1993年 | 290篇 |
1992年 | 278篇 |
1991年 | 261篇 |
1990年 | 235篇 |
1989年 | 208篇 |
1988年 | 156篇 |
1987年 | 194篇 |
1986年 | 195篇 |
1985年 | 303篇 |
1984年 | 308篇 |
1983年 | 288篇 |
1982年 | 258篇 |
1981年 | 255篇 |
1980年 | 209篇 |
1979年 | 227篇 |
1978年 | 164篇 |
1977年 | 167篇 |
1976年 | 147篇 |
1975年 | 111篇 |
1974年 | 107篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
In the wake of new public management, and with the emergence of new public governance, a number of challenges remain unsolved in the field of public service governance and management. In this paper, we use the example of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme to show how we might deal with the design and implementation of a public service reform within the context of new public governance. We argue that governments need to develop greater openness to risk and policy experimentation during implementation. We therefore propose an adaptive system architecture that could support such risk taking. 相似文献
992.
993.
Peter Løchte Jørgensen 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2013,2013(5):372-394
The actuarial profession is increasingly teaming up with financial economists for a fruitful cooperation on the proper valuation of life insurance and pension (L&P) liabilities. This has been a natural consequence of a recent sharply increased focus on market values in financial reports of L&P companies from regulators, standard setters, the financial press, stakeholders, and others with an interest in the L&P business. This article provides a financial economist's point of view on recent developments in relation to the fair valuation of L&P liabilities. The role of accounting standards and the background for the international harmonization in this field are first discussed. We then review and explain the concept of fair value and provide a general view on appropriate techniques for estimating fair values of L&P liabilities in accordance with the definition of the concept. The paper also contains a section which briefly reviews recent and quite innovative regulatory initiatives in relation to market value reporting in the Danish market for life and pension insurance. 相似文献
994.
This paper examines the spillover effects of infill developments, which involve developing vacant or under-used parcels within existing urban areas that are largely developed, on local housing prices. Employing a difference-in-difference specification on a sample of 275 new developments and 55,887 sale transactions of houses in Singapore, we find that infill developments have a positive and persistent impact on local housing prices. The contagion effect is larger for infill developments that are built on teardown sites. The spillover effect can also be traced to the overpricing of new homes by developers. Overall, the evidence indicates that developers act as price leaders and contribute significantly to price discovery in the local housing market. 相似文献
995.
Roni Factor Amalya L. Oliver Kathleen Montgomery 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》2013,22(2):143-158
We examine the link between the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility at the organizational level and beliefs about social responsibility at work (SRW) expressed by individuals. Drawing from theories of professionalism and diffusion of innovations (including practices and beliefs), we advance hypotheses about beliefs of managers and non‐managers in 11 countries at two time periods, and use a unique international data set to test our hypotheses. Our general prediction that managers would score higher than non‐managers on a measure of SRW was not supported. However, further analysis revealed a more complex relationship moderated by the contextual factors of time frame and country inequality level. We discuss implications and extensions for future research. 相似文献
996.
997.
Der Klimawandel und das globale ?ffentliche Gut Klimaschutz genie?en gro?e Aufmerksamkeit in der ?ffentlichen Debatte. Klimaschutz
verursacht jedoch Kosten und es stellt sich die Frage, was die Menschen in Deutschland tats?chlich für Klimaschutz bereit
sind zu zahlen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine neue Studie zur Ermittlung der realen Zahlungsbereitschaft für Klimaschutz vor
und diskutiert die Ergebnisse aus der Perspektive der Klimapolitik. 相似文献
998.
ABSTRACTModeling multivariate time-series aggregate losses is an important actuarial topic that is very challenging due to the fact that losses can be serially dependent with heterogeneous dependence structures across loss types and business lines. In this paper, we investigate a flexible class of multivariate Cox Hidden Markov Models for the joint arrival process of loss events. Some of the nice properties possessed by this class of models, such as closed-form expressions, thinning properties and model versatility are discussed in details. We provide the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for efficient model calibration. Applying the proposed model to an operational risk dataset, we demonstrate that the model offers sufficient flexibility to capture most characteristics of the observed loss frequencies. By modeling the log-transformed loss severities through mixture of Erlang distributions, we can model the aggregate losses. Finally, out-of-sample testing shows that the proposed model is adequate to predict short-term future operational risk losses. 相似文献
999.
Rachel W.Y. Yee Peter K.C. Lee Andy C.L. Yeung T.C.E. Cheng 《International Journal of Production Economics》2013,141(2):452-464
High-contact service industries are characterized by close interaction between service employees and customers, and diverse customer needs. Such characteristics pose a great challenge to the delivery of services of superior quality. In this research we conceptually explore and empirically examine several attitudinal and motivational factors of customer-contact employees, and the management style of managers as antecedents to service quality in high-contact service sectors. Based on dyadic data collected from 230 service firms in Hong Kong, we examine the relationships among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, affective organizational commitment, learning goal orientation, performance goal orientation, and service quality. We find that learning goal orientation is more effective than performance goal orientation in fostering service quality in the high-contact service context. We also observe that transformational leadership tends to be more effective than transactional leadership in influencing employee attitude in high-contact service firms. This research pioneers theory-driven examination of service quality in high-contact service firms using data collected from service employees and shop managers for hypothesis testing. 相似文献
1000.
Richard L. Brinkman 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(2):567-582
The most striking feature of the current economic situation in Spain is the huge unemployment rate, above 25 percent. From an orthodox perspective, we suggest that this unemployment is the result of a highly inflexible labor market, which needs to be reformed by introducing flexibility measures. The paper argues, however, that labor market reforms introduced since the early 1980s, allowing an excessive use of temporary employment contracts, have had perverse effects on the Spanish economy. They have affected negatively not only aggregate demand and supply, but also income distribution. The emergence of these market reforms helps explain the current rate of unemployment as well as the deep impact of the global financial crisis on overall Spanish economic activity. 相似文献